4
\subsection{CLOSED :}
If the operator results in the same set that it operates upon , then the algebraic system is               called ' CLOSED ' .

Example :

1. Set of an integer is closed under + , - , $\times$ operator.

2. Set of an integer is not closed under / operator.

Let A = \{ $\alpha$,$\beta$,$\psi$ \}

I want these spaces which I'm not getting and in same order.

6
  • 1
    Can you be more specific? I didn't understand what you're trying to achieve...
    – m0nhawk
    Nov 5, 2013 at 8:33
  • the gap before Example and 1 and 2..
    – user39495
    Nov 5, 2013 at 8:37
  • and gap before Let also
    – user39495
    Nov 5, 2013 at 8:38
  • You want an extra space there in PDF?
    – m0nhawk
    Nov 5, 2013 at 8:39
  • actually when i an writing the above code..then in PDf i m not getting any space before Example and before 1 and 2
    – user39495
    Nov 5, 2013 at 8:44

2 Answers 2

10

You're making several mistakes in your code.

  1. Math symbols should be confined inside a formula; an inline formula is surrounded either by \(...\) or $...$. So each item in the first example's list of operators should be between $ signs. Conversely, the whole final formula must be surrounded by $...$: also A is a math symbol.

  2. Never leave spaces before commas or other punctuation, unless you're writing in French where a space should precede semicolons, colons, question marks and interrogation marks.

  3. Don't use capitals for emphasis; the most used method is italics, but LaTeX has an abstract command \emph for it. The defined word should not be set between quotes.

  4. For enumerated lists, LaTeX provides the enumerate environment. I wouldn't leave vertical space before the ‘Examples:’ line.

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}

\section{Algebraic systems}

\subsection{Closedness}

If the operator results in the same set that it operates upon, then the
algebraic system is called \emph{closed}.

Examples:
\begin{enumerate}
\item The set of integers is closed under the $+$, $-$, $\times$ operators.

\item The set of integers is not closed under the $/$ operator.
\end{enumerate}

Let $A = \{\alpha,\beta,\psi\}$

\end{document}

enter image description here

1
  • Interesting, we choose somewhat different approaches. Clearly you are the mathematician. :)
    – jonalv
    Nov 5, 2013 at 9:41
3

If you really want something like that one way would be something like this:

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}
\subsection{CLOSED :}
If the operator results in the same set that it operates upon , then the
algebraic system is called ' CLOSED ' .

\vspace{1\baselineskip} \noindent
Example :

\vspace{1\baselineskip} \noindent
1. Set of an integer is closed under + , - , $\times$ operator.

\vspace{1\baselineskip} \noindent
2. Set of an integer is not closed under / operator.

\vspace{1\baselineskip} \noindent
Let A = \{ $\alpha$,$\beta$,$\psi$ \}
\end{document}

enter image description here

However, I would probably write it like this:

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

\subsection{CLOSED :}
If the operator results in the same set that it operates upon, then the
algebraic system is called `CLOSED'.

\vspace{\baselineskip}\noindent
Example:
\begin{enumerate}
    \item Set of an integer is closed under +, -, $\times$ operator.
    \item Set of an integer is not closed under / operator.
\end{enumerate}
Let A = \{$\alpha$, $\beta$, $\psi$\}
\end{document}

enter image description here

Or maybe define something more fancy for the Example.

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