How does one type Chinese in LaTeX?

Question

Can anyone describe how one can type Chinese in LaTeX? When I compile this:

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
 你好吗？
\end{document}

the resulting document shows nothing. For reference my IME is iBus 1.3.9 on Fedora 13.

Answer 1

I use Chinese under XeLaTeX and the XeCJK package, which allow the use of CJK together with your own fonts. It's extremely convenient.

First, take a look at the explanation at Chou Pai-hsiang's website. This should get you started.

There are other important comments here on tex.SE about the use of fontspec and getting the full Chinese character set from two or more fonts, but you can worry about those matters later.

Answer 2

The easiest way is (for Simplified Chinese document only):

% UTF-8 encoding
% Compile with latex+dvipdfmx, pdflatex or xelatex
% XeLaTeX is recommanded
% Some Chinese fonts should be installed in your system (SimSun, SimHei, FangSong, KaiTi)
\documentclass[UTF8]{ctexart}
\begin{document}
文章内容。
\end{document}

It is designed for Chinese typesetting. Font sizes, indentation, name translation, line spacing, ... everything is set.

There might be some problems on Linux with default font setting (for windows). Then you can define the fonts mannually using xeCJK:

\documentclass[UTF8,nofonts]{ctexart}
\setCJKmainfont{SimSun} % or any font you have.
\setCJKsansfont{SimHei}
\setCJKmonofont{FangSong}
\begin{document}
文章内容。
\end{document}

---

If you just want to typeset only a few Chinese charecter, you can use CJK with pdfLaTeX or xeCJK with XeLaTeX.

% Compile with xelatex
% UTF-8 encoding
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xeCJK}
\setCJKmainfont{SimSun}
\begin{document}
文章内容
\end{document}

or

% UTF-8 encoding, pdflatex or latex+dvipdfmx
% Simplified Chinese fonts should be installed
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\AtBeginDvi{\input{zhwinfonts}}
\begin{document}
\begin{CJK*}{UTF8}{zhsong}
文章内容。
\clearpage\end{CJK*}
\end{document}

or

% UTF-8 encoding
% bad-looking fonts (CJKfonts package)
% latex+dvips, latex+dvipdfm(x) or pdflatex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\begin{document}
\begin{CJK*}{UTF8}{gbsn}
文章内容。
\clearpage\end{CJK*}
\end{document}

Answer 3

I recently ran into this on Fedora 16. You're seeing nothing due to not selecting the correct Chinese font, which is different on Windows, Mac and Linux.

The trick to finding the right font for a language on Linux is:

$ fc-list :lang=zh   

the default Chinese font on Fedora 16 is:

WenQuanYi Zen Hei,文泉驛正黑,文泉驿正黑:style=Regular

and on your Fedora 13 system it's likely to be:

AR PL UMing TW:style=Light
AR PL UMing CN:style=Light

(I'm from Taiwan so I use the Traditional Chinese variant ending in TW. You want "AR PL UMing CN" for simplified Chinese.) To install Chinese fonts etc on Fedora, run:

yum groupinstall 'Chinese Support'

Change your LaTeX source to:

\documentclass{article}
\setromanfont{AR PL UMing CN}
\begin{document}
你好吗？
\end{document}

and you should start seeing Chinese.

The above snippet was to help you diagnose the Chinese font problem. For real work I second the recommendation for the xeCJK package. My personal setup is documented here.

The inability to typeset the same Chinese, Japanese etc LaTeX source across Windows, Mac and Linux due to them having different fonts is a real pain but is not specific to XeTex. It's painful when using latex + dvipdfmx or pdflatex as well.

Answer 4

For ConTeXt users, this is simple.

First, use \mainlanguage[cn] and \setscript[hanzi] in the preamble to set the default language to Chinese. If you want only certain parts of the document to use Chinese, you can use \language[cn]{你好} within the document. If you want to place a little bit of English in the document, use \language[en]{hello} to ensure that the hyphenations appear correctly.

Next, the default fonts usually do not have Chinese characters, so you will need to create a typescript with Chinese fonts, then use \setupbodyfont to select that font. For details, see Getting started with Chinese in ConTeXt.