Running the code:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document} Test: $e^{\sum{x}}$ \end{document}
Dies, yet it runs just fine with the \usepackage{amsmath} commented out. The logs show:
!pdfTeX error: pdflatex (file fmex7.pfb): cannot open Type 1 font file for reading
Which seems to indicate a missing font. I've used amsmath quite a bit in the past and never come across the problem. A bit of googleing shows some other Debian users have had this problem but I'm not quite sure what to do here. I'm running Ubuntu 10.04 with most LaTeX packages installed.