Lengths like \topmargin influence the general margins of a document (although using packages like geometry is the preferred way to do so). To remove the spacing at the start of a title created with \maketitle (and without using the titlepage option of the article class), one may alter the definition of the internal class command \@maketitle. In the following example, I've included the original definition and deleted two lines that otherwise would produce the vertical space.
EDIT: You may wonder what do \makeatletter and \makeatother do.
\documentclass[12pt,letterpaper,onecolumn]{article}
\makeatletter
\def\@maketitle{%
\newpage
% \null% DELETED
% \vskip 2em% DELETED
\begin{center}%
\let \footnote \thanks
{\LARGE \@title \par}%
\vskip 1.5em%
{\large
\lineskip .5em%
\begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
\@author
\end{tabular}\par}%
\vskip 1em%
{\large \@date}%
\end{center}%
\par
\vskip 1.5em}
\makeatother
\title{Blah Blah Cool}
\date {}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\section{Foo}
foobar foobar foobar...
\end{document}