From the moderncv.cls code it appears that cvitem uses the lengths hintscolumnwidth and maincolumnwidth to control the spacing on the left and the width of the text. So, one way to do it would be to define a new command \MyCvItem which takes an optional first parameter allowing you to specify the indent amount. If the indent amount is not given, it defaults to 0.0pt.

\documentclass{moderncv}
\moderncvtheme[blue]{casual}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{layout}
\firstname{Joey}
\familyname{TeXUser}
\newcommand*{\MyCvItem}[3][0.0pt]{%
\addtolength{\hintscolumnwidth}{#1}% Adjust settings
\addtolength{\maincolumnwidth}{-#1}%
\cvitem{#2}{#3}%
\addtolength{\hintscolumnwidth}{-#1}% Restore settings
\addtolength{\maincolumnwidth}{#1}%
}%
\begin{document}\layout
\maketitle
\section{Heading}
\MyCvItem{a leo. }{% No indent specified
\textbf{Regular:} Pellentesque sapien dui, facilisis et sollicitudin et, ullamcorper vel massa. Pellentesque vulputate placerat sapien, et volutpat odio elementum eget. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per
}
\textcolor{blue}{
\MyCvItem[1.0cm]{a leo. }{% Note optional indent amount specified
\textbf{Indented:} Pellentesque sapien dui, facilisis et sollicitudin et, ullamcorper vel massa. Pellentesque vulputate placerat sapien, et volutpat odio elementum eget. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per
}}
\MyCvItem{a leo. }{% No indent specified -- ensure it is back to normal
\textbf{Regular:} Pellentesque sapien dui, facilisis et sollicitudin et, ullamcorper vel massa. Pellentesque vulputate placerat sapien, et volutpat odio elementum eget. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per
}
\end{document}
\documentclassso that those trying to help don't have to recreate it. – Peter Grill Oct 5 '11 at 21:13