If you use the tocloft pacakge, you can adjust the vertical spacing after the title and the fonts of the titles as detailed below.
Changing Spacing After Title:
The vertical spacing after the titles can be adjusted via the following lengths:
\cftafterloftitleskip: list of figures
\cftafterlottitleskip: list of tables
\cftaftertoctitleskip: table of contents
Here is a comparison of the default setting for cftafterloftitleskip compared to the setting it to 12pt:

Changing Font:
Assuming you are not using the [titles] option when loading the tocloft package you can change the font of the titles with \renewcommand to adjust:
\cftloftitlefont: list of figures
\cftlottitlefont: list of tables
\cfttoctitlefont: table of contents
Here is a comparison of the font adjusted for the LOF, vs the default for LOT using:
\renewcommand{\cftloftitlefont}{\Large\bfseries}

Code:
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{lipsum}% for dummy text
\usepackage{tocloft}
\setlength{\cftafterloftitleskip}{12pt}
\setlength{\cftafterlottitleskip}{12pt}
\setlength{\cftaftertoctitleskip}{12pt}
%\renewcommand{\cftloftitlefont}{\Large\bfseries}% To change font of the LOF title
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\listoffigures
\listoftables
\chapter{One}
\lipsum[1-12]
\begin{figure}
\caption{First Figure in Chapter One}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}
\caption{First Figure in Chapter One}
\end{table}
\lipsum[1-12]
\begin{figure}
\caption{Second Figure in Chapter One}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}
\caption{Second Figure in Chapter One}
\end{table}
\chapter{Two}
\lipsum[1-12]
\begin{figure}
\caption{First Figure in Chapter Two}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}
\caption{First Figure in Chapter Two}
\end{table}
\end{document}