# Tikz-PGF: Draw integral test plot

So I'm doing a report on convergence tests in LaTeX, and would like to produce a diagram demonstrating the integral test for convergence. I am somewhat new to LaTeX, and a total n00b when it comes to Tikz, so any help would be much appreciated.

I am essentially trying to produce something like this:

You might ask why not just use this image, right? Truthfully, I would like to learn TikZ, and would very much appreciate any help in coming up with this plot.

Furthermore, I would like to place inside each bar the corresponding term of the series: a_1, a_2, a_3, ..., a_n

Any assistance would be much appreciated!

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Related post/duplicate?: Timing and integration with TikZ PGFlots –  cmhughes Jan 11 '12 at 17:22
Ha! I actually saw that thread and spent a couple of hours trying to tweak the code to match what I was trying to produce. I couldn't however, as the plots are Riemann sums, with the function hitting the midpoints of the boxes, rather than the min/max. Thanks though. –  AlmostSurely Jan 11 '12 at 17:28

With tkz-fct and gnuplot

\documentclass[]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tkz-fct}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.25]
\tkzInit[xmax=8,ymax=4]
\tkzAxeXY[ticks=false]
\tkzGrid
\tkzFct[color = red, domain =0.125:8]{4./x}
\tkzDrawRiemannSumInf[fill=green!60,
opacity=.2,
color=green,
line width=1pt,
interval=1:8,
number=7]
\foreach \x/\t in {1.5/$a_1$,2.5/$a_2$,3.5/$a_3$,7.5/$a_7$}
\node[green!50!black] at (\x,{4/(\x+1)-0.25}){\t};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}


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Wow, thank you so much. Beautiful! –  AlmostSurely Jan 11 '12 at 18:10
Just a couple questions for you: It doesn't seem to be showing the function's red line. Could you possibly briefly outline the process you used to make this in Gnuplot? Thanks! –  AlmostSurely Jan 11 '12 at 18:54
I use only --shell-escape with pdflatex but sometimes you need to use --enable-write18. This is the same option but the form depends of your tools ( system, distribution etc. ). Look at the .log file, sometimes TeX doesn't find gnuplot (problem of path) and then with --shell-escape or with --enable-write18, TeX authorizes gnuplot to write a file. –  Alain Matthes Jan 11 '12 at 20:00

The code from Jake's answer to Timing and integration with TikZ PGFlots discusses the mid-point rule. It can be tweaked to use right hand sums, and left hand sums.

% right hand sums
\pgfplotsset{
right segments/.code={\pgfmathsetmacro\rightsegments{#1}},
right segments=3,
right/.style args={#1:#2}{
ybar interval,
domain=#1+((#2-#1)/\rightsegments):#2+((#2-#1)/\rightsegments),
samples=\rightsegments+1,
x filter/.code=\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult-((#2-#1)/\rightsegments)}
}
}


% left hand sums
\pgfplotsset{
left segments/.code={\pgfmathsetmacro\leftsegments{#1}},
left segments=3,
left/.style args={#1:#2}{
ybar interval,
domain=#1:#2,
samples=\leftsegments+1,
x filter/.code=\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult}
}
}


and, finally, a complete MWE

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{pgfplots}

% mid-point rule
\pgfplotsset{
midpoint segments/.code={\pgfmathsetmacro\midpointsegments{#1}},
midpoint segments=3,
midpoint/.style args={#1:#2}{
ybar interval,
domain=#1+((#2-#1)/\midpointsegments)/2:#2+((#2-#1)/\midpointsegments)/2,
samples=\midpointsegments+1,
x filter/.code=\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult-((#2-#1)/\midpointsegments)/2}
}
}

% right hand sums
\pgfplotsset{
right segments/.code={\pgfmathsetmacro\rightsegments{#1}},
right segments=3,
right/.style args={#1:#2}{
ybar interval,
domain=#1+((#2-#1)/\rightsegments):#2+((#2-#1)/\rightsegments),
samples=\rightsegments+1,
x filter/.code=\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult-((#2-#1)/\rightsegments)}
}
}

% left hand sums
\pgfplotsset{
left segments/.code={\pgfmathsetmacro\leftsegments{#1}},
left segments=3,
left/.style args={#1:#2}{
ybar interval,
domain=#1:#2,
samples=\leftsegments+1,
x filter/.code=\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult}
}
}

\begin{document}

% left hand sums
\begin{tikzpicture}[/pgf/declare function={f=4/x;}]
\begin{axis}[
xmin=0,xmax=9,ymin=0,ymax=4,
domain=0:10,
samples=100,
axis lines=middle
]
black!80,fill=green,opacity=.3,
left segments=7,
left=1:8
] {f};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

% right hand sums
\begin{tikzpicture}[/pgf/declare function={f=4/x;}]
\begin{axis}[
xmin=0,xmax=9,ymin=0,ymax=4,
domain=0:10,
samples=100,
axis lines=middle
]
black!80,fill=green,opacity=.3,
right segments=7,
right=1:8,
] {f};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

% mid point
\begin{tikzpicture}[/pgf/declare function={f=4/x;}]
\begin{axis}[
xmin=0,xmax=8,ymin=0,ymax=4,
domain=0:10,
samples=100,
axis lines=middle
]