Here is one way of obtaining the requested output via a patch of \@@makechapterhead (using etoolbox). \@@makechapterhead prints the actual chapter heading (chapter number + title) in scrbook.

\documentclass{scrbook}
\usepackage{xcolor}% http://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor
\usepackage{fix-cm}% http://ctan.org/pkg/fix-cm
\usepackage{etoolbox}% http://ctan.org/pkg/etoolbox
\renewcommand*{\chapterformat}{%
\fontsize{60}{68}\selectfont\color{black!50}\thechapter}% \autodot\enskip
\makeatletter
% Remove \chapterformat from \@@makechapterformat
\patchcmd{\@@makechapterhead}% <cmd>
{\chapterformat}% <search>
{}% <replace>
{}{}% <success><failure>
% Reinsert \chapterformat modify heading layout
\patchcmd{\@@makechapterhead}% <cmd>
{\size@chapter{#1}}% <search>
{\ooalign{\hss\chapterformat\cr\size@chapter{#1}}}% <replace>
{}{}% <success><failure>
\makeatother
\addtokomafont{chapter}{%
\renewcommand*{\raggedsection}{\raggedleft}}
\begin{document}
\setcounter{chapter}{1}% Just for this example
\chapter{Text elements}
In this chapter, some textual elements are shown, like figures,
tables, lists, equations, etc. Also, bananas.
\end{document}
The first patch removes the typesetting of the chapter number (done via \chapterformat). The second patch re-inserts \chapterformat and overlays the title using \ooalign. For a quick course on \ooalign, see \subseteq + \circ as a single symbol ("open subset").