How to mark a node in a graph with a pattern

Question

I would like to mark my nodes in a graph without using colors because it will be printed in black and white. For example by drawing a vertical line in the first vertex, a horizontal line in the second, two lines in the third,... . Or if there is a better way to do this, I would like to here it.

Thank you for your time.

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,titlepage]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure*}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.5cm,>=stealth',bend angle=45,auto]
    \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,fill=red!20,inner sep=0.05cm] (1) {$v_{1}$};
    \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,fill=green!20,inner sep=0.05cm, below of=1, xshift=2cm] (2) {$v_{2}$};
    \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,fill=cyan!20,inner sep=0.05cm,right of=2, xshift=1cm] (3) {$v_{3}$};
    \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,fill=purple!30,inner sep=0.05cm,below of=2, xshift=1.5cm] (5) {$v_{5}$};
    \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,fill=red!20,inner sep=0.05cm,below of=2, xshift=-2cm] (4) {$v_{4}$};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure*}

\end{document}

Answer 1

Instead of patterns, I would recommend that you use a combination of different shadings, and line styles (thin, thick, ultra thick, or even draw=none) to distinguish the nodes. You can also adjust the text color (as suggested by @Jake), and use dotted or dashed lines (a few of which are probably to be avoided):

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}

\tikzset{every node/.append style={minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,inner sep=0.05cm}}%

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \node[fill=gray!5,               thin     ] (1a) {$u_{1}$};
    \node[fill=gray!10, right of=1a, thick    ] (2a) {$u_{2}$};
    \node[fill=gray!30, right of=2a, thin     ] (3a) {$u_{3}$};
    \node[fill=gray!60, right of=3a, thick    ] (4a) {$u_{4}$};
    \node[fill=gray!30, right of=4a, draw=none] (5a) {$u_{5}$};

    \node[fill=black!10, below of=1a, thin     ,text=white] (1b) {$v_{1}$};
    \node[fill=black!10, right of=1b, thick    ,text=white] (2b) {$v_{2}$};
    \node[fill=black!30, right of=2b, thin     ,text=white] (3b) {$v_{3}$};
    \node[fill=black!60, right of=3b, thick    ,text=white] (4b) {$v_{4}$};
    \node[fill=black!30, right of=4b, draw=none,text=white] (5b) {$v_{5}$};

    \node[fill=black!10, below of=1b, thin     ,text=gray] (1c) {$x_{1}$};
    \node[fill=black!10, right of=1c, thick    ,text=gray] (2c) {$x_{2}$};
    \node[fill=black!30, right of=2c, thin     ,text=gray] (3c) {$x_{3}$};
    \node[fill=black!60, right of=3c, thick    ,text=gray] (4c) {$x_{4}$};
    \node[fill=black!30, right of=4c, draw=none,text=gray] (5c) {$x_{5}$};

    \node[fill=black!10, below of=1c, thin     ,dashed] (1d) {$y_{1}$};
    \node[fill=black!10, right of=1d, thick    ,dashed] (2d) {$y_{2}$};
    \node[fill=black!30, right of=2d, thin     ,dashed] (3d) {$y_{3}$};
    \node[fill=black!60, right of=3d, thick    ,dashed] (4d) {$y_{4}$};
    \node[fill=black!30, right of=4d, draw=none,dashed] (5d) {$y_{5}$};

    \node[fill=black!10, below of=1d, thin     ,dotted] (1e) {$z_{1}$};
    \node[fill=black!10, right of=1e, thick    ,dotted] (2e) {$z_{2}$};
    \node[fill=black!30, right of=2e, thin     ,dotted] (3e) {$z_{3}$};
    \node[fill=black!60, right of=3e, thick    ,dotted] (4e) {$z_{4}$};
    \node[fill=black!30, right of=4e, draw=none,dotted] (5e) {$z_{5}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

Here's another possibility using the patterns library. However, as Jake mentioned in his comment, this can turn out to be incredibly noisy. I slightly modified some of the patterns defined in pgflibrarypatterns.code.tex in an attempt to reduce the noise by reducing the pattern opacity and increasing the distance between the lines (but still this example still seems to be "too crowded"):

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,patterns}

\pgfdeclarepatternformonly{soft horizontal lines}{\pgfpointorigin}{\pgfqpoint{100pt}{1pt}}{\pgfqpoint{100pt}{3pt}}%
{
  \pgfsetstrokeopacity{0.3}
  \pgfsetlinewidth{0.1pt}
  \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{0.5pt}}
  \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{100pt}{0.5pt}}
  \pgfusepath{stroke}
}

\pgfdeclarepatternformonly{soft crosshatch}{\pgfqpoint{-1pt}{-1pt}}{\pgfqpoint{4pt}{4pt}}{\pgfqpoint{3pt}{3pt}}%
{
  \pgfsetstrokeopacity{0.3}
  \pgfsetlinewidth{0.4pt}
  \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{3.1pt}{0pt}}
  \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{3.1pt}}
  \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{0pt}}
  \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{3.1pt}{3.1pt}}
  \pgfusepath{stroke}
}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[
  every node/.style={minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,
    font={\sffamily\Large\bfseries},inner sep=0.05cm},
  node distance=1.5cm,>=stealth',bend angle=45,auto]
  \node[pattern=soft horizontal lines] (1) {$v_{1}$};
  \node[fill=gray!10, below of=1, xshift=2cm] (2) {$v_{2}$};
  \node[pattern=dots,right of=2, xshift=1cm] (3) {$v_{3}$};
  \node[below of=2, xshift=-2cm] (4) {$v_{4}$};
  \node[pattern=soft crosshatch,below of=2, xshift=1.5cm] (5) {$v_{5}$};
 \end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer 3

OK, This can get uglier look as it can, but these have colors.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,patterns}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.5cm,>=stealth',bend angle=45,auto]
        \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,fill=brown!90,inner sep=0.05cm,draw=none] (1) {\textcolor{white}{$v_{1}$}};
        \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,pattern=fivepointed stars,pattern color=green,inner sep=0.05cm, below of=1, xshift=2cm, thick] (2) {\textcolor{red}{$v_{2}$}};
        \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,pattern=dots,pattern color=blue,inner sep=0.05cm,right of=2, xshift=1cm, thin] (3) {\textcolor{pink}{$v_{3}$}};
        \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,pattern=bricks,pattern color=red,inner sep=0.05cm,below of=2, xshift=1.5cm, thin] (4) {$v_{4}$};
        \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,inner sep=0.05cm,below of=2, xshift=-2cm, very thin,pattern=crosshatch dots,pattern color=red] (5) {$v_{5}$};
         \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,inner sep=0.05cm,right of=2, xshift=1cm, yshift=1.5cm,very thin,pattern=north east lines,pattern color=blue!40] (6) {$v_{6}$};
          \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,inner sep=0.05cm,below of=1, xshift=-1.5cm, very thin,shading=true,inner color=white,outer color=blue!40] (7) {\textcolor{magenta}{$v_{7}$}};
          \node[minimum size=0.5cm, draw,circle,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,inner sep=0.05cm,above of=1, xshift=-1.5cm, very thin,shading=true,left color=green,right color=blue!40,text=red] (8) {$v_{8}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}