Tilde in author field changes S letter with Estonian babel

Question

Bibtex generates fallowing code to bbl file.

\bibitem{Bell_1964}
J.~S. Bell, \enquote{On the {Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen} paradox,} Physics
\textbf{1}.

and similarly

\bibitem{BellSpeakableAndNot}
J.~S. Bell, \emph{Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics; 2nd ed.}
(Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2004), chap. Introduction to the
Hidden-Variable Question, pp. 37--38, Collected papers on quantum philosophy.

Problem is that S is replaced with Š in the output and I don't know why nor how to fix it. I've tried different bibtex formats, encodings and {} placements but problem remains.

I know you could work around this with directly removing ~ in front of S in bbl file or formatting all the name as {J. S. Bell}, but I have lots of references in my thesis and I'd like clean solution.

I have googled a whole day and I really hope you know how to help me.

EDIT: As it turned out, it was babel package shortcuts which is to blame. So now I know minimal example to reproduce the error is as fallows:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[estonian]{babel} % Estonian babel!
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

\usepackage{filecontents} % Just of infile .bib data
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@article{Bli74,
  author = {Blinder, Alan S.}
}
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{document}

\section{Foobars}
 barbarbar \cite{Bli74}
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{\jobname}
\end{document}

And corresponding output will be after latex + bibtex + latex + latex:

1 Foobars
barbarbar [1]

Viited
[1] AlanŠ. Blinder.

Answer 1

The only explanation is that you're declaring

\usepackage[estonian]{babel}

If you don't need the combinations such as ~S for producing accented Estonian characters, because your document is UTF-8 encoded, then say

\addto\extrasestonian{\let~\nobreakspace}

just after loading babel. If you need the babel shortcuts, then the only options are:

1. Disable the shorthand before typesetting the bibliography

   \let~\nobreakspace
   \bibliography{<filename>}
   

2. Remove ~ from the .bib file. It's just a "search and replace", after all, and the ~ there does nothing, as names are surely at the start of a line.

(Note: I changed the way to disable the shortcut as \shorthandoff{~} has an undesired effect.)