A simple way to add new float or caption types ("Scheme" in this case) is the newfloat package which is part of the caption bundle. There is also the float package which also provides the H (for: place really Here!).
The box can be produced by using \fbox{\begin{minipage}{<width>}..\end{minipage}} or, more simpler, using the adjustbox package.
The actual content seems to be best made using a tabular, if you want the same format as in the PDFs.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{newfloat}
\DeclareFloatingEnvironment[
fileext=los,
listname=List of Schemes,
name=Scheme,
placement=H,
within=section,
]{scheme}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\begin{document}
\section{Test}
\blindtext
\begin{scheme}
\begin{adjustbox}{minipage=.6\linewidth,fbox,center}
\begin{tabular}{rl}
\bfseries Encryption: & .... \\
& .... \\
\bfseries Deccryption: & .... \\
& .... \\
something & .... \\
& .... \\
\end{tabular}
\end{adjustbox}
\caption{Some scheme}
\end{scheme}
\blindtext
\end{document}

Or, using adjustbox v0.9 from 2012/05/16 (available on CTAN and on Bitbucket.org):
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{newfloat}
\DeclareFloatingEnvironment[
fileext=los,
listname=List of Schemes,
name=Scheme,
within=section,
]{scheme}
\usepackage{adjustbox}[2012/05/16]
\usepackage{blindtext}
\begin{document}
\listofschemes
\section{Test}
\blindtext
\begin{adjustbox}{tabular={rp{.4\linewidth}},fbox,center,caption={Some scheme},nofloat=scheme}
\bfseries Encryption: & .... \\
& .... \\
\bfseries Deccryption: & .... \\
& .... \\
something & .... \\
& .... \\
\end{adjustbox}
\blindtext
\end{document}
Change the nofloat to float if you want the scheme to float.
You can of course create a new environment for this if you need it more often.
\newenvironment{xscheme}{\adjustbox{tabular={rp{.4\linewidth}},fbox,center,caption={Some scheme},nofloat=scheme}\bgroup}{\egroup}
Don't call it scheme because that environment is used internally.
\fbox. – Marco Daniel May 21 '12 at 16:59[<title>](<url>)which is much more readable. – Martin Scharrer♦ May 21 '12 at 17:58!in front of it to turn it into a link. A moderator or another user with edit privileges can then reinsert the!to turn it into an image again. – Martin Scharrer♦ May 21 '12 at 18:07