It seems to be a precise choice by the package author. If no optional argument to acronym is specified, the list is typeset as a plain description environment. Otherwise the optional argument sets the label width and \bflabel is used to typeset the acronym.
Of course \bflabel can be redefined in the preamble; the default definition is
\def\bflabel#1{{\textbf{\textsf{#1}}\hfill}}
However the implementation is not well done, as the width is set using
\settowidth{\labelwidth}{\textbf{\textsf{#1}}}
anyway, instead of the correct
\settowidth{\labelwidth}{\bflabel{#1}}
A "more correct" implementation that uses \bflabel also without an optional argument is here:
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[american]{babel}
\usepackage[babel]{csquotes}
\usepackage{acronym}
\makeatletter
\renewenvironment{AC@deflist}[1]%
{\ifAC@nolist
\else
\raggedright
\begin{list}{}{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{\bflabel{#1}}%
\setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}%
\addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}%
\let\makelabel\bflabel}%
\fi}
{\ifAC@nolist
\else
\end{list}%
\fi}
\renewenvironment{acronym}[1][1]
{%
\providecommand*{\acro}{\AC@acro}%
\providecommand*{\acroplural}{\AC@acroplural}%
\long\def\acroextra##1{##1}%
\def\@tempa{1}\def\@tempb{#1}%
\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
\global\expandafter\let\csname ac@des@mark\endcsname\AC@used
\ifAC@nolist
\else
\begin{description}\let\makelabel\bflabel
\fi
\else
\begin{AC@deflist}{#1}%
\fi
}
{%
\ifx\AC@populated\AC@used
\else
\ifAC@nolist
\else
\item[]\relax%
\fi
\fi
\expandafter\ifx\csname ac@des@mark\endcsname\AC@used
\ifAC@nolist
\else
\end{description}%
\fi
\else
\end{AC@deflist}%
\fi}
\makeatother
% Provide here a new definition for \bflabel if desired
%\def\bflabel#1{{\textbf{\textsf{#1}}\hfill}}
\begin{document}
\begin{acronym}[PdL]
\acro{PD}{Democratic Party (\textit{Partito Democratico})}
\acro{PdL}{The People of Freedom (\textit{Il Popolo della Libertà})}
\end{acronym}
\end{document}