I used the framed package to define a dleftbar environment to enclose the contents using a double vertical rule; then, this environment was used in conjunction with the amsmath package to define some theorem-like structures (admitting page breaks):
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{framed}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newenvironment{dleftbar}{%
\def\FrameCommand{\vrule width 0.4pt\hspace{1.7pt}\vrule width 0.4pt \hspace{6pt}}%
\MakeFramed {\advance\hsize-\width \FrameRestore}}%
{\endMakeFramed}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[chapter]
\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}
\newenvironment{prop}
{\begin{proposition}\begin{dleftbar}}
{\end{dleftbar}\end{proposition}}
\newenvironment{theo}
{\begin{theorem}\begin{dleftbar}}
{\end{dleftbar}\end{theorem}}
\begin{document}
\chapter{Test Chapter}
\lipsum[2]
\begin{theo}
\lipsum[2]
\end{theo}
\begin{prop}
\lipsum[2]
\end{prop}
\end{document}

mdframed. – canaaerus Aug 27 '12 at 13:25