How can I highlight text before a character with listing?

Question

All is in the title. I would like to add a color to the text before a character with listing package.

For example, I would like to add a color to text between the beginning of a line and : or =, in a makefile.

I tried to use moredelimiters but I did not succeed.

A working example

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{keycolor}{RGB}{172, 42, 42}
\definecolor{mbleu}{RGB}{64,96,127}
\definecolor{vimvert}{RGB}{46, 139, 87}

\lstdefinestyle{global}{
  basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize\color{black!90},%
  stringstyle=\itshape\color{magenta},%
  showstringspaces=false,%
  keywordstyle={\bfseries\color{keycolor}},%
  commentstyle=\color{blue}\slshape,%
  framexleftmargin=1mm,%
  backgroundcolor=\color{black!2},%
}

\lstdefinestyle{makefile}{
  style=global,%
  morecomment=[l][commentstyle]{\#},%
  emphstyle={\color{vimvert}},%
  moredelim=[s][emphstyle]{\$(}{)}%
}

\begin{document}

\begin{lstlisting}[style=makefile]
.SUFFIXES: .inc .f .f90 .F

# all CPP processed fortran files have the extension .f90
SUFFIX=.f90

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# this release should be fpp clean
# we now recommend fpp as preprocessor
# if this fails go back to cpp
CPP_=fpp -f_com=no -free -w0 $*.F $*$(SUFFIX)

vasp: $(SOURCE) $(FFT3D) $(INC) main.o 
    rm -f vasp
    $(FCL) -o vasp main.o  $(SOURCE)   $(FFT3D) $(LIB) $(LINK)
makeparam: $(SOURCE) $(FFT3D) makeparam.o main.F $(INC)
    $(FCL) -o makeparam  $(LINK) makeparam.o $(SOURCE) $(FFT3D) $(LIB)
zgemmtest: zgemmtest.o base.o random.o $(INC)
    $(FCL) -o zgemmtest $(LINK) zgemmtest.o random.o base.o $(LIB)
dgemmtest: dgemmtest.o base.o random.o $(INC)
    $(FCL) -o dgemmtest $(LINK) dgemmtest.o random.o base.o $(LIB) 
ffttest: base.o smart_allocate.o mpi.o mgrid.o random.o ffttest.o $(FFT3D) $(INC)
    $(FCL) -o ffttest $(LINK) ffttest.o mpi.o mgrid.o random.o smart_allocate.o base.o $(FFT3D) $(LIB)
kpoints: $(SOURCE) $(FFT3D) makekpoints.o main.F $(INC)
    $(FCL) -o kpoints $(LINK) makekpoints.o $(SOURCE) $(FFT3D) $(LIB)

clean:  
    -rm -f *.g *.f *.o *.L *.mod ; touch *.F
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}

Answer 1

.SUFFIXES is a keyword in the pre-defined language [gnu]make. SUFFIX is pre-defined in ACSL but loading the languages through a combination of language and alsolanguage and classoffset keys don't seem to give the desired effect. I suggest that you define your makefile as in the following work-arounds.

Work-around 1

In this solution, the colon, : is also colored. Just set up your \lstdefinestyle as follows:

\lstdefinestyle{global}{
basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize\color{black!90},%
stringstyle=\itshape\color{magenta},%
showstringspaces=false,%
keywordstyle={[1]\bfseries\color{keycolor}},%
keywordstyle={[2]\bfseries\color{mbleu}},%
commentstyle=\color{blue}\slshape,%
framexleftmargin=1mm,%
backgroundcolor=\color{black!2},%
}

\lstdefinestyle{makefile}{
otherkeywords={.SUFFIXES},
alsoletter={:},
morekeywords=[1]{SUFFIX, CPP_},
morekeywords=[2]{vasp:,makeparam:,zgemmtest:,dgemmtest:,ffttest:,kpoints:,clean:},
style=global,%
morecomment=[l][commentstyle]{\#},%
emphstyle={\color{vimvert}},%
moredelim=[s][\color{vimvert}]{\$(}{)}%
}

Output

Explanations

• otherkeywords defines keywords that contain other characters, or start with digits.
• alsoletter makes : a letter, otherwise, words containing these symbols will not be recognized as words.
• You can make separate lists of morekeywords or moreemph by the syntax morekeywords=[<number>]{<list of keywords>} or moreemph=[<number>]{<list of emphs>}. Here I have chosen keywords but you can modify according to your preference. You have then to match this list with a corresponding keywordstyle or emphstyle.

Work-around 2

You might not want the colon colored. In this case, you can use (guess what?) moredelim as in moredelim=[is][\color{mbleu}]{/*}{*/}, From the manual:

More general delimiters can be defined by the key moredelim. Legal types are l and s. These types can be preceded by an i, but this time only the delimiters are discarded from the output.

And here is the full code

%\documentclass{article}
\documentclass[preview,border=5]{standalone}

\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{margin=1in}
\usepackage[procnames]{listings}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{keycolor}{RGB}{172, 42, 42}
\definecolor{mbleu}{RGB}{64,96,127}
\definecolor{vimvert}{RGB}{46, 139, 87}

\lstdefinestyle{global}{
basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize\color{black!90},%
stringstyle=\itshape\color{magenta},%
showstringspaces=false,%
keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{keycolor},%
commentstyle=\color{blue}\slshape,%
framexleftmargin=1mm,%
backgroundcolor=\color{black!2},%
    }

\lstdefinestyle{makefile}{
otherkeywords={.SUFFIXES},
morekeywords={SUFFIX, CPP_,},
moredelim=[is][\color{mbleu}]{/*}{*/},
style=global,%
morecomment=[l][commentstyle]{\#},%
emphstyle={\color{vimvert}},%
moredelim=[s][\color{vimvert}]{\$(}{)}%
}

\begin{document}

\begin{lstlisting}[style=makefile]
.SUFFIXES: .inc .f .f90 .F

# all CPP processed fortran files have the extension .f90
SUFFIX=.f90

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# this release should be fpp clean
# we now recommend fpp as preprocessor
# if this fails go back to cpp
CPP_=fpp -f_com=no -free -w0 $*.F $*$(SUFFIX)

/*vasp*/: $(SOURCE) $(FFT3D) $(INC) main.o 
        rm -f vasp
        $(FCL) -o vasp main.o  $(SOURCE)   $(FFT3D) $(LIB) $(LINK)
/*makeparam*/: $(SOURCE) $(FFT3D) makeparam.o main.F $(INC)
        $(FCL) -o makeparam  $(LINK) makeparam.o $(SOURCE) $(FFT3D) $(LIB)
/*zgemmtest*/: zgemmtest.o base.o random.o $(INC)
        $(FCL) -o zgemmtest $(LINK) zgemmtest.o random.o base.o $(LIB)
/*dgemmtest*/: dgemmtest.o base.o random.o $(INC)
        $(FCL) -o dgemmtest $(LINK) dgemmtest.o random.o base.o $(LIB) 
/*ffttest*/: base.o smart_allocate.o mpi.o mgrid.o random.o ffttest.o $(FFT3D) $(INC)
        $(FCL) -o ffttest $(LINK) ffttest.o mpi.o mgrid.o random.o smart_allocate.o base.o $(FFT3D) $(LIB)
/*kpoints*/: $(SOURCE) $(FFT3D) makekpoints.o main.F $(INC)
        $(FCL) -o kpoints $(LINK) makekpoints.o $(SOURCE) $(FFT3D) $(LIB)
/*clean*/:  
        -rm -f *.g *.f *.o *.L *.mod ; touch *.F
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}

Output