Here is a solution using the \pretocmd provided by the etoolbox package.
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{pagenote}
\makepagenote
\begin{document}
\chapter{Chap 1}
\pretocmd{\chapter}{\printnotes*}{}{}
\chapter{Chap 2}
\chapter{Chap 3}
\chapter{Chap 4}
\printnotes*
\end{document}
As you can see the command may be used after the initial \chapter.
Edit #1
As I've made the correction on the code above, another \printnotes* command is required at the end of the final chapter.
Edit #2
It might feel more convenient to automate the process in the preamble itself with the help of logic.
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{pagenote}
\makepagenote
\renewcommand*{\notedivision}{\section*{\notesname\ to chapter~\thechapter}}
\renewcommand*{\pagenotesubhead}[2]{}
\pretocmd{\chapter}{%
\ifnum\value{chapter}>0\relax\printnotes*\fi%
}{}{}
%\pretocmd{\backmatter}{\printnotes*}{}{}
\AtEndDocument{\printnotes*}
\begin{document}
\chapter{Chap 1}
\chapter{Chap 2}
\chapter{Chap 3}
\end{document}
In the presence of backmatter the line \pretocmd{\backmatter}{\printnotes*}{}{} can be uncommented while \AtEndDocument may be omitted.
\printnotescommand at the end of every chapter, I know I'll forget it somewhere. – Jeremy Nov 22 '12 at 16:51biblatexwhich emits\chapter*? And so on. I don't think that your book has so many chapters that checking for\printnotes*at their end is overwhelming. :) – egreg Nov 22 '12 at 16:54