Center caption in listing

Question

I want to put the caption of my listing in the center but I can't do that. Do you have any idea how I could achieve this? The code:

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{caption}
\DeclareCaptionFont{white}{\color{white}}
\DeclareCaptionFormat{listing}{\colorbox{gray}{\parbox{\textwidth}{#1#2#3}}}
\captionsetup[lstlisting]{format=listing,labelfont=white,textfont=white}

% This concludes the preamble

\begin{document}

\begin{lstlisting}[label=some-code,caption=Some Code]
function <lhs_arguments>=<function_name><rhs_arguments>
  <statements>
endfunction
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}

Answer 1

Use the following:

\DeclareCaptionFormat{listing}
  {\colorbox{gray}
     {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep}{\centering #1#2#3}}}

This not only centres the caption, but ensures that the width of the caption "box" fits exactly within the text block width.

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{xcolor,listings,caption}% http://ctan.org/pkg/{xcolor,listings,caption}
\DeclareCaptionFont{white}{\color{white}}
\DeclareCaptionFormat{listing}
  {\colorbox{gray}
     {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep}{\centering #1#2#3}}}
\captionsetup[lstlisting]{format=listing,labelfont=white,textfont=white}

% This concludes the preamble

\begin{document}

\begin{lstlisting}[label=some-code,caption=Some Code]
function <lhs_arguments>=<function_name><rhs_arguments>
  <statements>
endfunction
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}

Answer 2

The caption format will be used internally after applying the justification & font setting, and therefore the \colorbox will be centered but not the text inside the \colorbox.

One can fix that by applying the justification setting inside the colorbox (again) using the internal command \caption@hj:

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{caption}
\makeatletter
\DeclareCaptionFormat{listing}{%
  \colorbox{gray}{%
    \parbox{\dimexpr \captionwidth-2\fboxsep}{\caption@hj #1#2#3}}}
\makeatother
\captionsetup[lstlisting]{format=listing,font={color=white}}

% This concludes the preamble

\begin{document}

\begin{lstlisting}[label=some-code,caption=Some Code]
function <lhs_arguments>=<function_name><rhs_arguments>
  <statements>
endfunction
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}

(Please note that I replaced \textwidth with \captionwidth so the margin & width settings will be used here, too.)

But a more naturally way of fixing this is changing the internal code which actually draws the box around the caption, i.e. redefining \caption@parbox:

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{caption}[2007/12/23] % needs v3.1f or newer

\makeatletter
\DeclareCaptionOption{boxcolor}{%
  \renewcommand\caption@parbox[2]{%
    \colorbox{#1}{\parbox[b]{\dimexpr ##1-2\fboxsep}{##2}}}}
\makeatother
\captionsetup[lstlisting]{boxcolor=gray,font={color=white}}

% This concludes the preamble

\begin{document}

\begin{lstlisting}[label=some-code,caption=Some Code]
function <lhs_arguments>=<function_name><rhs_arguments>
  <statements>
endfunction
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}

(Although both \caption@hj and \caption@parbox are not documented this will work with future versions of the caption package, too.)

When using version 3.3 of the caption package this can be realized without using internal commands at all:

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{caption}[2013/01/01] % needs v3.3 or newer
\captionsetup[lstlisting]{box=colorbox,boxcolor=gray,font={color=white}}

% This concludes the preamble

\begin{document}

\begin{lstlisting}[label=some-code,caption=Some Code]
function <lhs_arguments>=<function_name><rhs_arguments>
  <statements>
endfunction
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}

Addendum 2013-01-09: Since the version 3.3 of the caption package is available now the last solution is preferable.