Document changes are not reflected in builds after including a missing package [closed]

Question

Here is a minimal example.

Consider the document

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Hello world!
\end{document}

This compiles perfectly. However, if I include an unfamiliar package, as follows:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathdesign}
\begin{document}
Hello world!
New text to be shown in next build
\end{document}

then, the document compiles with "0 Error(s), 0 Warning(s), 0 Bad Box(es), 0 Page(s)" and just displays the previous build of the document, without the "New text to be shown in next build" added.

I am using TeXnicCenter and MikTeX 2.9. The "install missing packages on the fly" option has always behaved funnily in my setup.