\tableofcontents encoding issue with lualatex

Question

I have a issue when trying to generate table of contents with lualatex in russian. Following example fails to build with ! Undefined control sequence. \contentsname ->{\cyr \CYRS \cyro \cyrd \cyre \cyrr \cyrzh \cyra \cyrn \cyri... which stands for 'Содержание' ('Contents' in russian)

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{xunicode}
\setmainfont[Ligatures=TeX]{DejaVu Serif}
\usepackage[russian]{babel}

\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\clearpage
\section{тест 1}
\section{тест 2}
\section{тест 3}
\end{document}

When I load english version of babel it ok, execept of table of contents title in english "Contents". Is there a way to correctly specify encoding for babel in lualatex?

Answer 1

The following covers the Russian alphabet:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[russian]{babel}

\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRA}{EU2}{А}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyra}{EU2}{а}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRB}{EU2}{Б}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrb}{EU2}{б}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRV}{EU2}{В}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrv}{EU2}{в}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRG}{EU2}{Г}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrg}{EU2}{г}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRD}{EU2}{Д}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrd}{EU2}{д}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRE}{EU2}{Е}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyre}{EU2}{е}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRYO}{EU2}{Ё}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyryo}{EU2}{ё}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRZH}{EU2}{Ж}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrzh}{EU2}{ж}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRZ}{EU2}{З}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrz}{EU2}{з}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRI}{EU2}{И}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyri}{EU2}{и}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRISHRT}{EU2}{Й}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrishrt}{EU2}{й}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRK}{EU2}{К}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrk}{EU2}{к}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRL}{EU2}{Л}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrl}{EU2}{л}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRM}{EU2}{М}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrm}{EU2}{м}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRN}{EU2}{Н}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrn}{EU2}{н}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRO}{EU2}{О}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyro}{EU2}{о}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRP}{EU2}{П}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrp}{EU2}{п}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRR}{EU2}{Р}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrr}{EU2}{р}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRS}{EU2}{С}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrs}{EU2}{с}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRT}{EU2}{Т}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrt}{EU2}{т}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRU}{EU2}{У}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyru}{EU2}{у}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRF}{EU2}{Ф}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrf}{EU2}{ф}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRH}{EU2}{Х}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrh}{EU2}{х}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRC}{EU2}{Ц}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrc}{EU2}{ц}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRCH}{EU2}{Ч}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrch}{EU2}{ч}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRSH}{EU2}{Ш}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrsh}{EU2}{ш}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRSHCH}{EU2}{Щ}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrshch}{EU2}{щ}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRHRDSN}{EU2}{Ъ}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrhrdsn}{EU2}{ъ}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRERY}{EU2}{Ы}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrery}{EU2}{ы}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRSFTSN}{EU2}{Ь}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrsftsn}{EU2}{ь}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYREREV}{EU2}{Э}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrerev}{EU2}{э}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRYU}{EU2}{Ю}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyryu}{EU2}{ю}
\DeclareTextCommand{\CYRYA}{EU2}{Я}
\DeclareTextCommand{\cyrya}{EU2}{я}


\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont[Ligatures=TeX]{DejaVu Serif}

\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\clearpage
\section{тест 1}
\section{тест 2}
\section{тест 3}
\end{document}

---

A more abstract way for getting (almost) all the known cyrillic characters can be obtained with code by David Carlisle (see http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/110016/4427)

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont[Ligatures=TeX]{DejaVu Serif}

% This code must go after xunicode is loaded (by fontspec),
% but before babel.
\makeatletter
\let\KeptDeclareUnicodeCharacter\DeclareUnicodeCharacter
\def\DeclareUnicodeCharacter#1#2{\@declare{#1}#2!!}%
\def\@declare#1#2#3!!{%
  \ifdefined#2\else
    \begingroup
    \lccode`E=`E \lccode`U=`U
    \lccode`A="#1\relax
    \lowercase{\endgroup\DeclareTextCommand{#2}{EU2}{A}}%
\typeout{Redefined \string#2}
  \fi}
\input{x2enc.dfu}% this contains all the cyrillic characters
\let\DeclareUnicodeCharacter\KeptDeclareUnicodeCharacter
\let\KeptDeclareUnicodeCharacter\@undefined
\let\@declare\@undefined
\makeatother

\usepackage[russian]{babel}

\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\clearpage
\section{тест 1}
\section{тест 2}
\section{тест 3}
\end{document}

---

Another way might be to redefine \captionsrussian and the other relevant commands (taken from gloss-russian.ldf of polyglossia)

\def\captionsrussian{%
   \def\prefacename{Предисловие}%
   \def\refname{Список литературы}%
   \def\abstractname{Аннотация}%
   \def\bibname{Литература}%
   \def\chaptername{Глава}%
   \def\appendixname{Приложение}%
   \ifdefined\thechapter
     \def\contentsname{Оглавление}%
   \else
     \def\contentsname{Содержание}%
   \fi
   \def\listfigurename{Список иллюстраций}%
   \def\listtablename{Список таблиц}%
   \def\indexname{Предметный указатель}%
   \def\authorname{Именной указатель}%
   \def\figurename{Рис.}%
   \def\tablename{Таблица}%
   \def\partname{Часть}%
   \def\enclname{вкл.}%
   \def\ccname{исх.}%
   \def\headtoname{вх.}%
   \def\pagename{с.}%
   \def\seename{см.}%
   \def\alsoname{см.~также}%
   \def\proofname{Доказательство}%
}
\def\daterussian{%
  \def\today{\number\day%
  \space\ifcase\month\or%
  января\or
  февраля\or
  марта\or
  апреля\or
  мая\or
  июня\or
  июля\or
  августа\or
  сентября\or
  октября\or
  ноября\or
  декабря\fi%
  \space \number\year\space г.}}
\makeatletter
\def\@Asbuk#1{\ifcase#1\or
   А\or Б\or В\or Г\or Д\or Е\or Ж\or
   З\or И\or К\or Л\or М\or Н\or О\or
   П\or Р\or С\or Т\or У\or Ф\or Х\or
   Ц\or Ч\or Ш\or Щ\or Э\or Ю\or Я\else\@ctrerr\fi}
\def\@asbuk#1{\ifcase#1\or
   а\or б\or в\or г\or д\or е\or ж\or
   з\or и\or к\or л\or м\or н\or о\or
   п\or р\or с\or т\or у\or ф\or х\or
   ц\or ч\or ш\or щ\or э\or ю\or я\else\@ctrerr\fi}
\makeatother

---

Added April 2013: the forthcoming version 3.9 of babel should solve the problem by checking whether the typesetting engine understands Unicode natively and setting the fixed words accordingly. This version of babel is already on CTAN, but still hasn't found its way in TeX Live. It will soon.

Answer 2

Sadly polyglossia is still not adapted for lualatex. It uses xetex specific commands for which no lualatex equivalent exist. But as far as I can see gloss-russian.ldf doesn't need them so you can try this:

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont[Ligatures=TeX]{DejaVu Serif}
\def\newXeTeXintercharclass#1{} %hack to fool polyglossia
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{russian}
\begin{document}

abc
\end{document}

Attention! This will probably break horribly if you load a polyglossia language like french which actually needs the \XeTeXintercharclass feature. In this case one the work-arounds of egreg is better.

Answer 3

There isn't yet either (full) babel or (any) polyglossia support for lualatex. So unless you need the specific extras such as direct lua code, you should use xelatex + polyglossia for the time being or work with the solutions posted by Ulrike and egreg.

Answer 4

Use updated russianb.ldf from http://www.ctan.org/pkg/russian instead of that that came with babel 3.8. Updated russianb.ldf will be included with babel 3.9.

Answer 5

Try to use [russian] as an argument to \documentclass instead of Babel. At least for me, using lualatex 0.60 with texlive 2010 including all updates, that works.

Answer 6

I have not much experience in using LuaTeX. Your code seems to be more for XeLaTeX. Perhaps you should replace babel with polyglossia. The example below works at least with XeLaTeX.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{xunicode}
\setmainfont[Ligatures=TeX]{DejaVu Serif}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{russian}

\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\clearpage
\section{тест 1}
\section{тест 2}
\section{тест 3}
\end{document}