As far I now, there are not an easy method to include a figure in a to do note, but there are at least two easy alternatives: the tufte-handout class and/or a \marginpar with the aid of the caption package. A minimal working example (if you have also an image with the filename gravatar.png):
\documentclass[justified]{tufte-handout}
\usepackage{lipsum} % for dummy text
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{caption}
\begin{document}
\begin{marginfigure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{gravatar.png}
\caption{A tufte margin figure}
\label{One}
\end{marginfigure}
See figure \ref{One} at margin. \lipsum[1]
\lipsum[2]
\marginpar{
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{gravatar.png}
\captionof{figure}{\label{Two}A marginpar figure.
Note that text width is in another scale here.}
}
\lipsum[3]
\end{document}