How can we write Greek documents (i.e. in the Greek language) having the computer modern font? What code do we have to write? I'd like to note that I don't want to include some Greek letters, but I'd like to write an entire Greek text.
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This and this may help you.– ManuelMar 3, 2013 at 12:38
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@Manuel Thank you for your help, but I would like to write the greek text entering greek caracters and the font would be like this is one from the first site that you gave me above. Let's say I would like to write φύσις and the written word would be like that one. Do you have any idea?– Y_grMar 18, 2013 at 12:43
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I don't understad you, but the first link lets you write φύσις.– ManuelMar 18, 2013 at 21:18
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Are you perhaps asking if Computer Modern itself has support for Greek as a means of communication (as opposed to its use in mathematics)? Is this a question about the font, or is it a question about LaTeX?– Sean AllredApr 9, 2013 at 20:46
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@SeanAllred It's more a question about the font. I want to write in Greek (to produce a Greek text, like having my keyboard in Greek), not by doing it like the manuals seen above. Also, if you know another font that can offer the same beautiful result just like this one font, as an alternative option, I would really appreciate it.– Y_grApr 9, 2013 at 20:54
3 Answers
It's not at all difficult, if you have an up-to-date TeX distribution.
The text is from http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Αθήνα
Version for TeX Live 2013 and later
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[greek]{babel}
\begin{document}
Η Αθήνα (Ἀθῆναι στα αρχαία ελληνικά και την καθαρεύουσα) είναι η
πρωτεύουσα της Ελλάδας. Επίσης είναι η έδρα της Περιφέρειας
Αττικής. Βρίσκεται στη Στερεά (Κεντρική) Ελλάδα και αποτελεί εύρωστο
οικονομικό, πολιτιστικό και διοικητικό κέντρο της χώρας. Πήρε το όνομά
της από τη θεά Αθηνά που ήταν και η προστάτιδά της. Η Αθήνα σήμερα
είναι μία σύγχρονη πόλη αλλά και διάσημη, καθώς στην αρχαιότητα ήταν
πανίσχυρη πόλη-κράτος και σημαντικότατο κέντρο πολιτισμού· θεωρείται η
ιστορικότερη πόλη της Ευρώπης μαζί με τη Ρώμη. Είναι γνωστή σε όλο τον
κόσμο για τα ιστορικά της μνημεία που διασώθηκαν,έστω και μερικώς, στο
πέρασμα των αιώνων. Επίνειο της ιστορικής πόλης είναι το λιμάνι του
Πειραιά. Πολιούχος της Πόλης των Αθηνών είναι ο Άγιος Διονύσιος ο
Αρεοπαγίτης.
\end{document}
Version for TeX Live 2012
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[LGRx,T1]{fontenc} % or OT1 instead of T1
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[greek]{babel}
\begin{document}
Η Αθήνα (Ἀθῆναι στα αρχαία ελληνικά και την καθαρεύουσα) είναι η
πρωτεύουσα της Ελλάδας. Επίσης είναι η έδρα της Περιφέρειας
Αττικής. Βρίσκεται στη Στερεά (Κεντρική) Ελλάδα και αποτελεί εύρωστο
οικονομικό, πολιτιστικό και διοικητικό κέντρο της χώρας. Πήρε το όνομά
της από τη θεά Αθηνά που ήταν και η προστάτιδά της. Η Αθήνα σήμερα
είναι μία σύγχρονη πόλη αλλά και διάσημη, καθώς στην αρχαιότητα ήταν
πανίσχυρη πόλη-κράτος και σημαντικότατο κέντρο πολιτισμού· θεωρείται η
ιστορικότερη πόλη της Ευρώπης μαζί με τη Ρώμη. Είναι γνωστή σε όλο τον
κόσμο για τα ιστορικά της μνημεία που διασώθηκαν,έστω και μερικώς, στο
πέρασμα των αιώνων. Επίνειο της ιστορικής πόλης είναι το λιμάνι του
Πειραιά. Πολιούχος της Πόλης των Αθηνών είναι ο Άγιος Διονύσιος ο
Αρεοπαγίτης.
\end{document}
Version for pre 2012 TeX Live
With an older TeX system (but I recommend you to upgrade) you get the same result with the following code.
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
\usepackage[greek]{babel}
\begin{document}
Η Αθήνα (Ἀθῆναι στα αρχαία ελληνικά και την καθαρεύουσα) είναι η
...
\end{document}
Notes about the answer
The original answer did not have the first part, because it was written when the current release of TeX Live was labeled 2012.
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Thank you very very much. I didn't know such a thing. I really think that you're saving me from so much time!– Y_grApr 9, 2013 at 20:58
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when I've tried just the same code as yours i've seen this error message:– Y_grApr 9, 2013 at 21:03
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1@giannis This means you don't have an up-to-date TeX distribution. Can you add to your question what it is? However I've added a workaround to use until you upgrade.– egregApr 9, 2013 at 21:06
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1
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1@alhelal It's better to switch to XeLaTeX for Bengali and other Indian languages.– egregSep 5, 2018 at 14:00
Another option would be to use XeLaTeX. In this case you need to install CM-Unicode with the standard procedure of your Operating System (C:\windows\fonts
catalog in windows ~/.fonts
in Linux etc)
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont[Mapping=tex-text]{CMU Serif}
\setsansfont[Mapping=tex-text]{CMU Sans Serif}
\setmonofont{CMU Typewriter Text}
\begin{document}
Κείμενο στα ελληνικά
Text in english
\end{document}
Alternatively you may use package polyglossia
which is the replacement of babel
for XeLaTeX but especially for the greek language, xgreek
is probably a better choice. For more info look here (section "Ελληνικά")
The main advantage of XeLaTeX over pdfLaTeX is that you can easily use native system fonts and that you can also use ucharclasses
which is a package that will allow you to change hyphenation rules without explicitly declaring the languages (with the restriction that the involved languages must be members of different unicode blocks). You may find a minimum working example, plus some extra info here
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I've noticed that the only text that I can have is only what you've written above. I don't know why... :/– Y_grMay 18, 2013 at 15:50
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That's really strange, but I am afraid that unless you provide some more info it is not going to be possible to get help... Perhaps you could open a new question with the specific problem, or at the very least upload the
tex
file and thelog
file. In any case, make sure that your tex distribution is updated and that you use the latest version of CM-Unicode.– pmav99May 18, 2013 at 21:13 -
I've recently updated them so as to achieve it. However, what I see as a result is only commas, full stops, and all the punctuation of the text, except for the text itself.– Y_grMay 18, 2013 at 22:48
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What operating system do you use? Make sure that the OS can see the fonts. It sounds like they are not installed. In Windows you need to place them in
C:\Windows\fonts
directory. In Linux at~.fonts
and runfc-cache -fv
. Google it for more info.– pmav99May 19, 2013 at 9:34 -
I use the OS of Windows 7 and I am sure that I've placed the fonts in the appropriate file, just like as you noticed above.– Y_grMay 19, 2013 at 10:08
Some times you have to write only some sections or words in Greek in this case I found very useful the solution in this Overleaf tutorial:
%\title{Example: Greek and English text}
% based on
% http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/110573/writing-greek-text
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[english,greek]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
\begin{document}
\section{Εισαγωγή}
Σήμερα είδα για πρώτη φορά το
\selectlanguage{english} site
\selectlanguage{greek}του Γιάννη.
\[
a = b + \gamma
\]
\end{document}
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Here (TeXlive 2020 on Fedora 34 beta) it is enough to use
utf8
forinputenc
. For some reason,utf8x
breakshyperref
.– vonbrandApr 7, 2021 at 14:02