After all it took too much time, but pgfcalendar is a powerfull tool. This is the code:
\documentclass[pagesize, ngerman, fontsize=12pt, parskip=half, DIV=25,
BCOR=2cm]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{translator, babel, tikz, pgfcalendar, array, libertine}
\newcommand{\Tagtabelle}{
\minisec{Fristen}
\begin{tabular}{|@{}p{2cm}|p{0.45\textwidth}|p{0.25\textwidth}|p{2cm}|}\hline
\textbf{Akten-Nr.} & \textbf{Angelegenheit} & \textbf{Frist} & \textbf{SB} \\\hline
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% & & & \\\hline
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\end{tabular}
\minisec{Termine}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{2cm}p{2cm}p{5cm}p{5cm}c}\hline
\textbf{Zeit} & \textbf{Akten-Nr.} & \textbf{Angelegenheit} & \textbf{Gericht/Ort/Raum} & \textbf{SB}\\\hline
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\end{tabular}
}
\begin{document}
\pgfcalendar{cal}{2014-01-01}{2014-12-31}
{%
\ifdate{workday}{%
\thispagestyle{empty}
{\LARGE\bfseries
\pgfcalendarweekdayname{\pgfcalendarcurrentweekday},
\pgfcalendarcurrentday{}.
\pgfcalendarmonthname{\pgfcalendarcurrentmonth}
\pgfcalendarcurrentyear{}
}
\Tagtabelle
\pagebreak
}{}
}
\end{document}