Solution
Here is a solution that uses the eqparbox package to measure item label widths.
It avoids some of the limitations of the solution described in Gonzalo Medina's answer (see the bottom of this post) because it doesn't typeset the entire list twice.
The trade-off is that it requires an additional compilation run because widths measured during one run will only become available for the next one.
You can declare a version of the description environment that does what you want by adding the following lines to your preamble.
(Only works for enumitem v3.7+, see below.)
%% Requires enumitem v3.7+
\newlist{mydescription}{description}{1} %% <- pick a larger number if you want to nest these
\setlist[mydescription]{
labelwidth=\eqboxwidth{listlabel@\EnumitemId},
leftmargin=!,
format=\mydescriptionlabel,
}
\newcommand\mydescriptionlabel[2][l]{\eqmakebox[listlabel@\EnumitemId][#1]{#2}}
What this does is put the description item labels in in \eqmakeboxes so that their widths are written to the aux file.
From the second run onwards, all such boxes in the same list will be given the same width (largest among them) and this width will be used as the list's labelwidth.
If you're using a version of enumitem that is older than v3.7 (which was released on 2019-01-04), you can still make this work by adding the following lines:
%% Only required for enumitem v3.6-
\usepackage{etoolbox} %% <- for \AtBeginEnvironment
\newcounter{mydescription}
\AtBeginEnvironment{mydescription}{%
\stepcounter{mydescription}%
\edef\EnumitemId{\arabic{mydescription}}%
}
(N.B. Using the before key for this wouldn't work because the code would be run too late.)
Application to your MWE
Here is my solution applied to your MWE (version for enumitem v3.7+).
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{eqparbox}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage[margin=1em,papersize={4in,2.2in}]{geometry}
\newlist{mydescription}{description}{1} %% <- pick a larger number if you want to nest these
\setlist[mydescription]{
labelwidth=\eqboxwidth{listlabel@\EnumitemId},
leftmargin=!,
format=\mydescriptionlabel,
}
\newcommand\mydescriptionlabel[2][l]{\eqmakebox[listlabel@\EnumitemId][#1]{#2}}
\newcommand{\text}{long long long long long long long long long long
long long long long long long long long long long long long long
long long long long long long long text}
\begin{document}
\begin{mydescription}
\item[The longest label] text
\item[Short] \text
\end{mydescription}
\hrule
\begin{mydescription}
\item[Medium label] text
\item[Short] \text
\end{mydescription}
\end{document}
How this works
- I used
\newlist instead of \newenvironment to define the mydescription environment and \setlist to customise it.
You could of course also forego the \newlist and modify the normal description environment instead.
enumitems format key is used to put every item label in your mydescription environment in an \eqmakebox.
All \eqmakeboxes with the same tag will be given the same dimensions (after the second run). They're centred by default, but I provided [l] as an option to make them left-aligned.- The tag used by this
\eqmakebox includes \EnumitemId, which is a unique identifier for the current list environment and is provided by enumitem.
- The width of the widest such box for a given list is retrieved using
\eqboxwidth and used as the labelwidth for that list.
- The calculated horizontal length is
leftmargin, as in your MWE.
The documentation for enumitem and eqparbox can be found here and here respectively
Notes
- If you want all such list environments in your document to use the same
labelwidth you can simply remove both instances of \EnumitemId in my code snippet.
- These can be nested safely if declared using
\newlist{mydescription}{description}{n} for with n greater than 1.
- To right-align, centre or stretch (multi-word only) your the labels,
\mydescriptionlabel can be replaced by \mydescriptionlabel[r], \mydescriptionlabel[c] or \mydescriptionlabel[s] respectively.
- You can combine
\mydescriptionlabel with other text formatting commands, but they should precede \mydescriptionlabel and none of them should take an argument (so \itshape is okay, but \textit is not).
The item labels themselves are still typeset twice and assignments made within them will thus still be performed twice, which I feel is unlikely to be a problem.
This could be avoided, but not without making the preamble significantly longer.
The labels themselves are still typeset twice, and definitions in the labels will thus still be applied twice as well. This can be avoided but this is less likely to be a problem than typesetting the entire list twice.
- The labels are not allowed to contain anything you wouldn't be allowed to put in a
tabular environment, but I don't think that's much of a restriction since I can't think anything not allowed in a tabular that is allowed in an item label.
Comparison to the other solution
Gonzalo Medina's answer will work well in most circumstances, but it's a bit heavy-handed and has a few limitations:
\NewEnviron has a few subtle problems and restrictions;- display equations don't work inside lists defined this way;
- counters incremented from anywhere in the list will be incremented twice and the same goes for other global assignments made within the list environment;
- it won't work if the labels don't use boldface formatting;
- multiple such environments can't be nested.
Downsides of my answer:
- My solution requires an additional compilation run because the label widths measured during the first run are only available during the second.
