Figure between equation and where

Question

Here is a problem hard to describe and give a minimal code.

I have an equation written like this:

\begin{equation}
    \tau_w = -\frac{T}{\ln(r_{decay})}
\end{equation}
% 
where $r_decay$ is decay ratio in percentage.

Also I have a a full page figure like below:

\begin{figure}[htb!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics{fig1.pdf}
    \caption{Preparation of impact data for pre-processing}
\end{figure}

For a reason, latex chooses to put the figure between equation and 'where' statement during pdflatex compile. Is there a way to push the figure to another page so that information flow does not get distrupted?

In pdf file it looks like this:

page1: some text and equation at the bottom of the page

page2: figure in a new page / no text whatsoever here

page3: statement that follows the equation where

Answer 1

Please always post a complete small document that shows the problem, as you have not yet done this, this is untested (but it probably works:-).

If it is a full page figure then the option you show, [htb!] is just about the worst possible combination: you disable float pages (p) which is the natural area for large floats.

Just use \begin{figure} with no option, add the package

\usepackage{flafter}

So that figures never float backwards to the top of the current page, and then move the figure environment in the source until just after the line

where $r_decay$ is decay ratio in percentage.