Multirow/multicolumn cells in TikZ matrices?

Question

Is it possible to make TikZ matrix cells span multiple rows/columns, like they can in LaTeX tables using \multirow or \multicolumn? Specifically, I'd like to typeset something like the following in a TikZ matrix:

header1  longcell1   longcell2
header2  cellA cellB cellC cellD
header3  X     Y     Z     W

Answer 1

A very basic approach could be to use the fit library to create nodes that surround empty matrix cells.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{fit,matrix}

\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \matrix (table) [%
      matrix of nodes,
      nodes in empty cells
    ] {%
      A & B & C & D \\
      E &   &   & G \\
      H & I & J &   \\
      K & L & M &   \\
   };
    \node[fit=(table-2-2)(table-2-3)]{F};
    \node[fit=(table-3-4)(table-4-4)]{N};
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

But it first becomes a bit ugly when you e. g. try to fill those cells with a color. So you will need some more adjustments.

Answer 2

Here's a method of doing this that tries to take into account the length of the multicolumn entry. It's not all that sophisticated as all it does is assign a factor of the length of the desired entry to each of the columns (a better approach would be to ensure that the total length was at least the length of the multicolumn entry). It works by hooking in to the \pgfmatrixendcode and \pgfmatrixemptycode macros to adjust their widths accordingly. We have to be a bit sneaky as those macros are executed before the widths are actually known, so what they actually do is set stuff up so that when the widths are known then they are adjusted.

Here's the code:

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}

\makeatletter
\newdimen\multi@col@width
\newdimen\multi@col@margin
\newcount\multi@col@count
\multi@col@width=0pt

\tikzset{
  multicol/.code={%
    \global\multi@col@count=#1\relax
    \global\let\orig@pgfmatrixendcode=\pgfmatrixendcode
    \global\let\orig@pgfmatrixemptycode=\pgfmatrixemptycode
    \def\pgfmatrixendcode##1{\orig@pgfmatrixendcode%
      ##1%
      \pgfutil@tempdima=\pgf@picmaxx
      \global\multi@col@margin=\pgf@picminx
      \advance\pgfutil@tempdima by -\pgf@picminx
      \divide\pgfutil@tempdima by #1\relax
      \global\multi@col@width=\pgfutil@tempdima
      \pgf@picmaxx=.5\multi@col@width
      \pgf@picminx=-.5\multi@col@width
      \global\pgf@picmaxx=\pgf@picmaxx
      \global\pgf@picminx=\pgf@picminx
      \gdef\multi@adjust@position{%
        \setbox\pgf@matrix@cell=\hbox\bgroup
        \hfil\hskip-\multi@col@margin
        \hfil\hskip-.5\multi@col@width
        \box\pgf@matrix@cell
        \egroup
      }%
      \gdef\multi@temp{\aftergroup\multi@adjust@position}%
      \aftergroup\multi@temp
    }
    \gdef\pgfmatrixemptycode{%
      \orig@pgfmatrixemptycode
      \global\advance\multi@col@count by -1\relax
      \global\pgf@picmaxx=.5\multi@col@width
      \global\pgf@picminx=-.5\multi@col@width
      \ifnum\multi@col@count=1\relax
       \global\let\pgfmatrixemptycode=\orig@pgfmatrixemptycode
      \fi
    }
  }
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix[matrix of nodes,nodes={draw}] {
A &|[multicol=3]| A long entry spanning three columns &&&  A \\
A B &|[multicol=2]| A shorter entry &&  A & D E F \\
A B & A B & A B C D E F & A B\\
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Here's the result:

An important thing to note in the code is that the multirow entry is followed by the requisite number of empty entries (which makes me think that this probably wouldn't interact well with a style that put something in every empty node, incidentally).

There are obviously many ways in which this could be improved! And it only works for columns.

---

Update 2013-04-12 I've been informed (by email) that the following fixes an issue with centring the content in cells. Change the start of the definition of \multi@adjust@position to:

  \gdef\multi@adjust@position{%
     \setbox\pgf@matrix@cell=\hbox\bgroup
     \hfil\hskip-1.5\multi@col@margin
     \hfil\hskip-.5\multi@col@width

Answer 3

You could use the anchors of the matrix to place a multicolumn node over the matrix.

An approach would be to nest matrices, but afaik TikZ doesn't support that yet.

Answer 4

One simple approach (which probably wouldn't work in every case) is to set negative inter-column spacing between the over-size element and the adjacent empty row. This isn't ideal since you have to hand-tune the distance.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}\usetikzlibrary{positioning,fit,arrows,backgrounds,shapes}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix[column sep=1mm,row sep=1mm]{
\node[draw] {header1};  &\node[right,draw] {longcell1};&[-5mm]&   \node[right,draw] {longcell2};&[-5mm]\\
\node[draw] {header2};  &\node[right,draw] {cellA}; &\node[right,draw] {cellB}; &\node[right,draw] {cellC}; &\node[right,draw] {cellD};\\
\node[draw] {header3};  &\node[right,draw] {X};     &\node[right,draw] {Y};     &\node[right,draw] {Z};     &\node[right,draw] {W};\\
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}