Does something like a fast LaTeX syntax checker for checking errors / warnings exist? [duplicate]

Question

When I currently compile my LaTeX document, I do it like this:

sketch figures/torus.sketch > figures/torus.tex
pdflatex $(DOKUMENT).tex -output-format=pdf # aux-files for makeindex / makeglossaries
makeindex $(DOKUMENT)
pdflatex $(DOKUMENT).tex -output-format=pdf # include index
pdflatex $(DOKUMENT).tex -output-format=pdf # include symbol table
make clean # remove intermediate files like *.log and *.aux

This takes about 245 seconds (over 4 minutes).

But quite often, when I compile the document the first time after many changes, it has some errors, e.g.

• forgetting about LaTeX issues with # and _
• forgetting curly braces { or }
• confusing input{figures/somefile.tex} with \includegraphics{figures/somefile.png}
• forgetting to include packages

It would really be awesome if there was a fast LaTeX syntax checker. I would let the syntax checker run before the rest. If it fails, the rest will not be executed (as I do it with a Makefile, make will stop when the first error occurs). Does a LaTeX syntax checker exist? (False-negatives are ok, but there should not be any false-positives).