You can define a command for this using a minipage
of the desired width inside a \makebox
(using the optional argument you can change the default value of 3em
to any desired value):
\documentclass{beamer}
\usetheme{Rochester}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newcommand\Wider[2][3em]{%
\makebox[\linewidth][c]{%
\begin{minipage}{\dimexpr\textwidth+#1\relax}
\raggedright#2
\end{minipage}%
}%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\lipsum[2]
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\Wider{\lipsum[2]}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\Wider[4em]{\lipsum[2]}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

Another option, would be to use a list, and this can be easily done using adjustwidth
from the changepage
package:
\documentclass{beamer}
\usetheme{Rochester}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\lipsum[2]
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\begin{adjustwidth}{-1.5em}{-1.5em}
\lipsum[2]
\end{adjustwidth}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\begin{adjustwidth}{-2em}{-2em}
\lipsum[2]
\end{adjustwidth}
\end{frame}
\end{document}