Why don't my hyperref links work with amsart?

Question

When I process the file below either with pdflatex, or with latex and then dvipdf, the link on page 1 of the resulting PDF file does not take me to Lemma 1 as expected.

\documentclass{amsart}

\usepackage{hyperref}
\newtheorem{lem}{Lemma}

\begin{document}

See Lemma~\ref{testlemma} below.
\pagebreak

\begin{lem}\label{testlemma}
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item Testing!
  \end{enumerate}
\end{lem}

\end{document}

When I use pdflatex then I get a warning:

pdfTeX warning (dest): name
{lem.1} has been referenced but does not exist, replaced by a fixed one

If I replace \documentclass{amsart} with \documentclass{article} then the link works as expected.

How can I fix this test file to get working hyperref links in PDF files with amsart?

I am using pdfTeX 3.1415926-1.40.10-2.2 (TeX Live 2009/Debian).

Answer 1

for the reference counter of a theorem-class environment to be properly accessed by a \label, something has to follow the \begin{<environment>} in horizontal mode. since the next thing in this example is \begin{enumerate}, horizontal mode is never entered, and the label is lost. (i'm not sure exactly how it gets lost, but that's the net effect.)

there are various approaches to handling this situation. all involve inserting something in horizontal mode before starting the list. the suggestions most often made (other than adding actual text) are \leavevmode or $ $; even a single "slash-space" will work. however, all of these will result in the list being started on the next line rather than being run-in.

here are two other questions that address related situations, although not the interaction with \label:

• Theorem starting with a list.

• Theorem formatting: strange interaction with itemize.

here's a somewhat different approach that involves entering the number of the first item manually, and starting the "real" enumeration with the second item; it's applied to a proof in this answer, but works as well with any theorem-class object. advantage -- this allows a label intended to point to the theorem to have the correct value; disadvantage -- it may not be possible to have a cross-reference to the first item.

• Lists inside ams proofs

Answer 2

Adding \leavevmode before the enumerate environment fixes the issue.

\documentclass{amsart}
\newtheorem{lem}{Lemma}

\usepackage{hyperref}

\begin{document}

\section{test}\label{sec:1}

See Lemma~\ref{testlemma} or rather Lemma~\ref{testlemma2} below.

\begin{lem}
\label{testlemma}
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item Testing!
  \end{enumerate}
\end{lem}

\begin{lem}
\label{testlemma2}
\leavevmode
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item Testing!
  \end{enumerate}
\end{lem}

\begin{lem}
\label{testlemma3}
\leavevmode  
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item Testing!
  \end{enumerate}
\end{lem}

lemma \ref{testlemma2}

section \ref{sec:1}

lemma \ref{testlemma3}

reference to lemma \ref{testlemma} does not work.
\end{document}