The techniques explained at the linked answer work with subfigure
package also.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx,showframe} %% remove showframe
\usepackage[hang]{subfigure}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure*}
\makebox[\linewidth][c]{%
\centering
\subfigure[Caption]{\label{fig:a}\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{example-image-a}}%
\subfigure[Caption]{\label{fig:b}\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{example-image-b}}%
\subfigure[Caption]{\label{fig:c}\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{example-image-c}}%
}
\caption{my caption}
\end{figure*}
\end{document}

You can also use adjustbox
package.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx,showframe}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure*}
\begin{adjustbox}{max width=1.2\linewidth,center}
\centering
\subfigure[Caption]{\label{fig:a}\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{example-image-a}}%
\subfigure[Caption]{\label{fig:b}\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{example-image-b}}%
\subfigure[Caption]{\label{fig:c}\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{example-image-c}}%
\end{adjustbox}
\caption{my caption}
\end{figure*}
\end{document}
Here the content will be resized only if it exceeds 1.2\linewidth
. adjustbox
also provides many other goodies. For details, refer to its documentation.
PS. subfigure
is deprecated and it is better to change over to subcation
or subfig
.