How can I draw this table

Question

Is there any possibility to write "Effects on" directly above "Monitoring Pollution"

Code is:

\textbf{Effects on} \newline 
\begin{tabular}{c c c}
\begin{flushleft}
\textbf{Small increases in \end{flushleft}} & \textbf{Monitoring} & \textbf{Pollution} \\
\textbf{} & \textbf{($\mu)$} & \textbf{($w$)} \\
\begin{flushleft}Reward of inspector, $r$ \end{flushleft} & Ambigous & Lower \\
\begin{flushleft}Penalty on inspector for taking bribe, $p_t$ \end{flushleft} & Lower &  Ambigous \\
\begin{flushleft}Penalty on factory for givin bribe, $p_g$ \end{flushleft} & Lower & Ambigous \\
\end{tabular}

Answer 1

You can add it in the first row itself. Further, you need not use those \begin{flushleft} and friends as this is done with column specifiers themselves.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{bm}

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{lcc}
                                             & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Effects on}}   \\
\textbf{Small increases in}                  & \textbf{Monitoring}  & \textbf{Pollution} \\
                                             & ($\bm{\mu}$)         & ($\bm{w}$)     \\
Reward of inspector, $r$                     & Ambigous             & Lower              \\
Penalty on inspector for taking bribe, $p_t$ & Lower                & Ambigous           \\
Penalty on factory for givin bribe, $p_g$    & Lower                & Ambigous           \\
\end{tabular}

\end{document}

Also, you need to use \bm (from bm package) at appropriate places to make the variables bold.

Answer 2

Here's a MWE based on multicolumn:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{bm}

\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{lcc}
    & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bfseries Effect on}\\
    \bfseries Small increases in & \bfseries Monitoring & \bfseries Pollution \\
    & $(\bm{\mu})$ & $(\bm{w})$ \\
    Reward of inspector, $r$ & Ambiguous & Lower \\
    Penalty on inspector for taking bribe, $p_t$ & Lower &  Ambiguous \\
    Penalty on factory for giving bribe, $p_g$ & Lower & Ambiguous \\
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Answer 3

The \begin{flushleft} code is not appropriate here. Instead, just use a l/left column specifier.

You can make the "Effects on" text center above the second and third columns by using \multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Effects on}} as shown below.

\documentclass[]{article}

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{l c c}
   &  \multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Effects on}} \\
\textbf{Small increases in\ldots} & \textbf{Monitoring} & \textbf{Pollution} \\
   & ($\mu)$ & \textbf{($w$)} \\
Reward of inspector, $r$  & Ambigous & Lower \\
Penalty on inspector for taking bribe, $p_t$  & Lower &  Ambigous \\
Penalty on factory for givin bribe, $p_g$  & Lower & Ambigous \\
\end{tabular}

\end{document}

Answer 4

Several points: I dispensed with the flushing environments, and used the l specifier of tabular to achieve it. Also, I included your first line (Effects on)as a row in the tabular, but I used an rlap to avoid requiring some sort of multi-column approach. I also set a group-limited {\itshape ...} before entering tabular, but moved the parens inside of math mode to keep them upright. Finally, I removed the extraneous \textbf{} which served no purpose.

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
{\itshape
\begin{tabular}{l c c}
&\rlap{\textbf{~~Effects on}}& \\
\textbf{Small increases in } & \textbf{Monitoring} & \textbf{Pollution} \\
& $(\mu)$ & $(w)$ \\
Reward of inspector, $r$  & Ambigous & Lower \\
Penalty on inspector for taking bribe, $p_t$  & Lower &  Ambigous \\
Penalty on factory for givin bribe, $p_g$ & Lower & Ambigous \\
\end{tabular}}
\end{document}