My understanding is that bibtex lets the citation style handle capitalization of titles, which is what I would expect from an automated citation tool. Do biblatex and Biber also do this? The document I am working on with these tools seems to be preserving the capitalization in the bib database, which is NOT what I want, and I haven't found any clear references that explain what the expected behavior is.
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1How are you calling biblatex? – egreg Jun 9 '11 at 17:18
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It might depend on the style and language(s) you are using, but generally titles are printed in the field format titlecase. By default, titlecase has no effect on casing; from biblatex.def:
\DeclareFieldFormat{titlecase}{#1}
If you want all titles in sentence case (i.e. first letter capitalized, the rest in lowercase) you can redefine this format:
\DeclareFieldFormat{titlecase}{\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}}
The \MakeSentenceCase* command converts its argument to sentence case, except for text enclosed in braces ({}). It also generally has no effect on control sequences. However Latin characters in math ($...$ or \(...\)) are affected and control sequences in $...$ generate parsing errors. To avoid these issues all math can be wrapped in braces. Wrapping a single character in braces affects its kerning, so the biblatex manual recommends wrapping braces around entire words. For example:
title = {An Introduction to {LaTeX}}
instead of:
title = {An Introduction to {L}a{T}e{X}}
You can make casing depend on the entry type(s) by adding an optional argument - for example:
\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{titlecase}{\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}}
One catch here is that the titlecase format is rolled out to all titles within an entry type. So in the above example both the title and journaltitle fields would be printed in sentence case. This question addresses how to make title case depend on both the entry and field types.
\DeclareCaseLangs specifies all the languages that the starred version \MakeSentenceCase* converts to sentence case. By default we have:
\DeclareCaseLangs{%
american,british,canadian,english,australian,newzealand,USenglish,UKenglish}
For further details, see biblatex documentation on the above commands and release notes under the heading "Sentence case vs. title case".
edit by @moewe: The
biblatexdocumentation recommends the starred version\MakeSentenceCase*over the unstarred\MakeSentenceCase.The starred version
\MakeSentenceCase*only applies sentence casing of the language of the entry (as given in thelangidfield or if it is empty, the surrounding language) is in the list of languages where sentence casing makes sense (as defined by\DeclareCaseLangs).
\MakeSentenceCaseapplies sentence casing regardless of the language settings and may result in unwanted capitalisation changes in non-English contexts (German for example has no notion of Title Case vs sentence case and English sentence casing as implemented in\MakeSentenceCasewould lead violate the rules of orthography).
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Ah, so biblatex automates sentence casing as an override of what is otherwise assumed to be title casing. Clever. Thanks. – Jonathan Jun 13 '11 at 6:09
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@Jonathan That's right. I assume the underlying reasoning is that a decent macro to convert a string to title case would be quite tedious to construct. – Audrey Jun 13 '11 at 16:53
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1@TeXnewbie The default
titlecaseformat doesn't change casing. If you want all titles in sentence case, just add\DeclareFieldFormat{titlecase}{\MakeSentenceCase{#1}}to your preamble. – Audrey Nov 8 '12 at 3:00 -
1@TeXnewbie That is referred to as "title case". biblatex doesn't offer a title case macro. If you use title case, you can apply it throughout your bib file and use
\MakeSentenceCasewhenever needed. Macros to apply title case are available, though biber's sourcemap feature might be better for this job. – Audrey Nov 9 '12 at 0:48 -
1@PatrickT
biblatexonly has a macro to convert text to sentence case. There is no command to convert anything to Title Case. The implicit assumption is that people store titles in Title Case and that a style can convert titles to sentence case if need be. (BibTeX works similarly.) Hence there is no\MakeTitleCaseand\DeclareFieldFormat{titlecase}{#1}simply disables sentence casing.apacaseinstead oftitlecaseis a design decision ofbiblatex-apa. All standard styles usetitlecase, butbiblatex-apahas more complex rules and usesapacase. – moewe Apr 1 at 10:06
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If you are using biblatex with style=apa and want to keep the casing of your bib-file you need to use
\DeclareFieldFormat{apacase}{#1}
The default is to capitalize only the first letter.
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