# add vertical space between equations

I am using the following code to combine two equations with one number in parentheses but the two equations are very close to each other and using '\vspace{} not working

How can i add a vertical space between these two equations ?

\begin{aligned} T_{P} = K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\ Q_{P} = K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p} \end{aligned}


You can manually add a vertical distance to each line-break. I hope, this is what you want.

% arara: pdflatex

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}
\setcounter{equation}{2}
\begin{aligned} T_{P} &= K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\[1pt] Q_{P} &= K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p} \\[10pt] N_{P} &= K_{N}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{6}_{p} \\[100pt] K_{P} &= K_{K}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{7}_{p} \end{aligned}
\end{document}


• @AmeenMohamedBassam Glad to hear that. You are welcome. – LaRiFaRi Jan 20 '15 at 11:16
• Do you know what the default is? – theonlygusti Sep 20 '17 at 16:17
• @theonlygusti that should be 1\jot – LaRiFaRi Sep 21 '17 at 16:00

You can also modify the length \jot if you don't want to manually specify the skips for each line. For example

\setlength{\jot}{10pt}


If you want the change to be localised to that equation, insert the line inside the equation environment, as in the following example

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}

an equation with more spacing

\setlength{\jot}{10pt} \begin{aligned} T_{P} &= K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\ Q_{P} &= K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p} \\ N_{P} &= K_{N}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{6}_{p} \\ K_{P} &= K_{K}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{7}_{p} \end{aligned}

and a normal one

\begin{aligned} T_{P} &= K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\ Q_{P} &= K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p} \\ N_{P} &= K_{N}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{6}_{p} \\ K_{P} &= K_{K}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{7}_{p} \end{aligned}

\end{document}


Output

• @AmeenMohamedBassam You are welcome. – karlkoeller Jan 21 '15 at 11:47
• This isn't working on math stackexchange. – Kyle Delaney Sep 26 '17 at 14:39
• Not working. I can see no changes in the final output. – Antonio Sesto Oct 23 '17 at 13:23

Infinitely simpler method:

    \begin{aligned} T_{P} &= K_{T}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{4}_{p} \\ \noalign{\vskip1pt} Q_{P} &= K_{Q}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{5}_{p} \\ \noalign{\vskip10pt} N_{P} &= K_{N}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{6}_{p} \\ \noalign{\vskip100pt} K_{P} &= K_{K}. \rho . n^{2}_{p} . D^{7}_{p} \end{aligned}


This uses low-level TeX commands (\noalign and \vskip) and so requires no loading of extraneous packages. You can find this method in the TeXBook.

• The package (amsmath) that defines aligned also defines the use of the [...] modification and the value of \jot, so no additional packages are required. Also, although the suggested per-line modification works in this case, it's not always reliable (i.e., it may not work as expected in other situations that look equivalent), and the use of low-level TeX commands isn't recommended in LaTeX. (But good for reading the TeXbook, to understand the structure on which LaTeX is built.) – barbara beeton Nov 19 '19 at 19:21
• A package that doesn't interoperate with low-level TeX commands should be arguably be avoided, since it is likely introducing other incompatibilities. – Phil Regalia Nov 19 '19 at 22:47
• @PhilRegalia your comment really is rather odd as \jot is provided by the latex format so no package is needed for that, but aligned which you are using does requre loading a package, amsmath so what do you mean by "requires no loading of extraneous packages" ? – David Carlisle Nov 20 '19 at 1:24
• amsmath is the standard math support for LaTeX maintained in the same repository as the base format, you can not "arguably avoid" amsmath if you are typesetting math in latex. – David Carlisle Nov 20 '19 at 1:26