How to compare the output of \ref to a number?

Question

I want to compare the output of \ref to a number in LaTeX. I thought it would be easy but after spending lots of hours surfing the net I still don't know the answer.
I found similar questions on this site but I would prefer a solution that does not require another package to be included, so that I can see clearly how the \ref command (and some others) works.
I tried a lot of things, some of which I share below, therefore my question is rather long, I'm sorry about that.
First, I tried the following codes (the resulting error messages are shown after a % sign):

\begin{equation} \label{eq:myeq}  
a=b  
\end{equation}

\ifnum\ref{eq:myeq}=1 true\else false\fi % error: "Missing number, treated as zero."

\expandafter\ifnum\ref{eq:myeq}=1 true\else false\fi % error: "Missing number, treated as zero."

\edef\blabla{\ref{eq:myeq}} % error: Incomplete \iffalse; all text was ignored after line 42.
\ifnum\blabla=1 true\else false\fi
\expandafter\ifnum\blabla=1 true\else false\fi

Of course, \ref{eq:myeq} gave the expected result, namely 1.

Then, I found the definition of \ref using the latexdef ref command:

\ref:
macro:#1->\expandafter \@setref \csname r@#1\endcsname \@firstoftwo {#1}

Further examining \@setref and \firstoftwo, I concluded that the equation number (together with the page number) is stored in a control sequence called \r@eq:myeq. More precisely, the content of \r@eq:myeq is {1}{1} where the first number is the equation number and the second number is the page number. (The output of \expandafter{\csname r@eq:myeq\endcsname} is 11.) If I understand well, in order to obtain the equation number we have to expand \csname r@eq:myeq\endcsname by only two levels to get {1}{1} (the first level of expansion yields \r@eq:myeq), and then we choose the first argument by \@firstoftwo. Since there is no simple way to expand a control sequence by only one level, it is done in a rather circuitous (say tricky) way by \ref. This I could also reproduce by the following code:

\def\sth#1#2{\expandafter #2#1}
\makeatletter
\expandafter\sth\csname r@eq:myeq\endcsname\@firstoftwo \quad
\ifnum1=\expandafter\sth\csname r@eq:myeq\endcsname\@firstoftwo true\else false\fi
\makeatother

which resulted in 1 true.
So far so good but there are still a few questions. First of all, if the above code works then why does the code with \ifnum1=\ref{eq:myeq}... fail (see above)? Seemingly, the two "algorithms" are doing the same.
Second, the above code works only if the auxiliary file (with aux extension) contains the label definition. If it doesn't (the reference is undefined) then LaTeX gives the following error message: Missing number, treated as zero. How can I write a code that works even if the reference is undefined?
Thank everybody who read all my above struggle and I would appreciate if someone shed light on the points that were not clear to me and who corrected me where I was wrong and confirmed where I was correct. Unfortunately the whole command syntax of (La)TeX is still very strange to me.

Answer 1

This is exactly what refcount was made for, and there's no need to re-invent the wheel here. It provides \getrefnumber as an expandable macro that you can use in calculations:

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{refcount}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation} \label{eq:myeq}  
  a=b  
\end{equation}

\ifnum\getrefnumber{eq:myeq}=1 true\else false\fi %true

\end{document}

If you really don't want any packages, extract the relevant macros from refcount's source, and add this to your preamble:

\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\getrefnumber}[1]{%
  \romannumeral
  \@ifundefined{r@#1}{%
    \expandafter\ltx@zero
    \rc@default
  }{%
    \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\rc@extract@
    \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter!%
    \csname r@#1\expandafter\endcsname
    \expandafter{\rc@default}\@nil
  }%
}
\def\rc@default{0}%
\long\def\rc@extract@#1#2#3\@nil{%
  \ltx@zero
  #2%
}
\chardef\ltx@zero=0
\makeatother

Answer 2

Using stringstrings

\documentclass{article}
%\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{stringstrings}
\newcounter{myctr}
\newcommand\cmpeq[2]{%
  \substring[e]{\ref{#1}}{1}{$-2}%
  \setcounter{myctr}{\thestring}%
  \ifnum\value{myctr}=#2 T\else F\fi%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation} \label{eq:myeq}  
a=b  
\end{equation}
\cmpeq{eq:myeq}{0}
\cmpeq{eq:myeq}{1}
\cmpeq{eq:myeq}{2}

\begin{equation} \label{eq:myeqA}  
c=d  
\end{equation}
\cmpeq{eq:myeqA}{0}
\cmpeq{eq:myeqA}{1}
\cmpeq{eq:myeqA}{2}
\end{document}