Is it possible to convert utf8 IPA chars of different foreign languages to pdf?

Question

I tried very hard to convert pre-formatted IPA characters to pdf using xelatex but failed so far. I use Debian and latexmk command. The report is from the database and is formatted and paginated so that I use

\end{verbatim}
\clearpage
\begin{verbatim}

to keep the format.

The titles are to represent Vietnamese, Korean, Persian, Russian, French, Greek, Chinese and others and shown below. If I use 'Linux Libertine O', Russian and Persian and some other characters not converted properly to pdf giving, for example, "missing character: there is no ͡ in font[lmmono10-regular]. I also tried 'Charis SIL Compact' along with many others but no success.

I want to take care of all fonts in the header section before \begin{document} because it is very difficult to switch font in the middle of the pre-formated report.

Is this possible to do or am I trying something impossible?

Thank you very much. The sample titles of many languages follows.

Pochemu i͡a stal simvolistom i pochemu       
Moskva i "Moskva" : Andrei͡a Belogo /       
Andreĭ Belyĭ.                                
Vospominanii͡a ob Andree Belom /            
I︠A︡, Faina Ranevskai︠a︡-- i vzdornai︠      
Bāzmāndihʼ-i rūz /                          
Mastānah-yi ʻishq /                         
Pādāsh ṣabr /                               
Qiṣih yi man va aū /                        
Bād mā rā khvāhad burd /                    
Ṭaʻm-i gas-i khurmālū /                     
Nīyāzam-- /                                 
¿Muerta?-- ¡pero de la risa! /              
El poder curativo de la mente : técnic      
Más allá de Conny Méndez 4 en 1 : de l      
Libro del juego de las suertes nuevame      
Qué es la wicca? : brujería de hoy /        
Đông cỏ /                                   
Ai nơ ép duyên /                             
Gió ngàn phương : tiêu thuyêt tình cảm      
Đạo đưc kinh : Quôc văn giải thích /        
Thiên học Viêt Nam /                        
Sinwŏn misang yŏja : Pʻatʻŭrik Modiano      
Tongmul nongjang ; 1984-yŏn /               
Tʻawŏ : Pae Myŏng-hun yŏnjak sosŏl.         
Kŭ kŏri ŭi hyŏnjae nŭn /                    
Nobou ŭi sŏng = Nobō no shiro /             
Renée Pélagie, marquise de Sade /           
Anna Karénine.                              
La cour des miracles.                        
Chagrin d'école /                           
Ssu-chʻuan tsʻai = Chinese cuisine Sze      
Tʻai-wan tsʻai /                            
Riben nü ren bu hui pang ye bu hui lao      

Answer 1

There are two issues at play here:

1. Finding a font that has all the characters you need and places diacritics properly.
2. Declaring the font properly.

Finding a font

As egreg pointed out, it's not clear from the question whether you actually want all these characters to show up in a monospaced font, or if you are simply using the verbatim environment so that you don't have to do any reformatting of the output from your database.

If you do want a monospaced font:

• Consolas has all the characters in your MWE and has good diacritic handling:
• Liberation Mono, Unifont, and Courier New have all the characters in your MWE. However, they don't handle the positioning of the combining tie bar (U+0361) or the left/right combining tie bar characters (U+FE20 and U+FE21) well.
• DejaVu Sans Mono and Linux Libertine Mono O are missing several characters.

If you want a proportional font:

• DejaVu Sans, Arial, and Times New Roman have all the characters in your MWE and have decent handling of the relevant diacritics:
  
• Charis SIL, Doulos SIL, Gentium Plus have all the characters in your MWE. However, they don't handle the positioning of the left/right combining tie bar characters (U+FE20 and U+FE21) well.
• Liberation Serif and Liberation Sans have all the characters in your MWE. However, they don't handle the positioning of the combining tie bar (U+0361) or the left/right combining tie bar characters (U+FE20 and U+FE21) well.
• Linux Libertine O, Brill, and DejaVu Serif are missing the left/right combining tie bar characters (U+FE20 and U+FE21).

Declaring the font

The error message you report in the question refers to the font lmmono10-regular. This means that Latin Modern Mono, the default XeLaTeX monospaced font, was being used for the text in the verbatim environment. (So it's not surprising that so many characters weren't found.)

Declaring the main font to Linux Libertine O using \setmainfont isn't enough—the verbatim environment uses the mono font, not the main font, and fontspec doesn't automatically change the mono font to match the main font (it won't use Linux Libertine Mono O for the mono font even if the main font is Linux Libertine O unless you explicitly tell it to do so).

If you really need to use verbatim, then you could use \setmonofont{font name} to specify the font you want to use that environment, whether it's actually monospaced or not.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}

\setmonofont{Consolas}

\begin{document}
\begin{verbatim}
Pochemu i͡a stal simvolistom i pochemu       
Moskva i "Moskva" : Andrei͡a Belogo /       
Andreĭ Belyĭ.                                
Vospominanii͡a ob Andree Belom /            
I︠A︡, Faina Ranevskai︠a︡-- i vzdornai︠      
Bāzmāndihʼ-i rūz /                          
Mastānah-yi ʻishq /                         
Pādāsh ṣabr /                               
Qiṣih yi man va aū /                        
Bād mā rā khvāhad burd /                    
Ṭaʻm-i gas-i khurmālū /                     
Nīyāzam-- /                                 
¿Muerta?-- ¡pero de la risa! /              
El poder curativo de la mente : técnic      
Más allá de Conny Méndez 4 en 1 : de l      
Libro del juego de las suertes nuevame      
Qué es la wicca? : brujería de hoy /        
Đông cỏ /                                   
Ai nơ ép duyên /                             
Gió ngàn phương : tiêu thuyêt tình cảm      
Đạo đưc kinh : Quôc văn giải thích /        
Thiên học Viêt Nam /                        
Sinwŏn misang yŏja : Pʻatʻŭrik Modiano      
Tongmul nongjang ; 1984-yŏn /               
Tʻawŏ : Pae Myŏng-hun yŏnjak sosŏl.         
Kŭ kŏri ŭi hyŏnjae nŭn /                    
Nobou ŭi sŏng = Nobō no shiro /             
Renée Pélagie, marquise de Sade /           
Anna Karénine.                              
La cour des miracles.                        
Chagrin d'école /                           
Ssu-chʻuan tsʻai = Chinese cuisine Sze      
Tʻai-wan tsʻai /                            
Riben nü ren bu hui pang ye bu hui lao      
\end{verbatim}
\end{document}

If you do choose to set a proportional font as the mono font, be aware that other commands and environments that access the mono font (like \texttt{}) will also use this proportional font. If this isn't desirable, you can use this code (adapted from this answer) instead of \setmonofont to set the verbatim font but not the overall mono font:

\newfontfamily\tnr{Times New Roman} % defines a new font family that can be accessed by \tnr

\usepackage{verbatim}% http://ctan.org/pkg/verbatim
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\verbatimfont}[1]{\def\verbatim@font{#1}}%
\makeatother

\verbatimfont{\tnr}