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I would like to know how one can draw teaching material of trigonometry in LaTeX? Namely, I was looking how to draw 405 degree angle i.e. unit circle, a line segment to the circumference and a spiral from x-axis to the line segment that goes around the circle over once. Also, the spiral should end to a small arrow which shows that I meant 405 degree angle rather than -405 degree angle.

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5 Answers 5

31

Here's how you can do this using PGFPlots:

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \begin{axis}[
            axis lines=middle,
            axis equal image,
            enlargelimits,
            xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty,
            data cs=polar,
            samples=100
        ]
            \addplot [thick, black, smooth, domain=0:360] {1};
            \addplot [thick, red, -latex, smooth, domain=0:405] {0.3+x/2000} node [pos=0.9, anchor=south west] {$405^\circ$};
            \addplot [thick, black] coordinates {(0,0) (405,1)};
        \end{axis}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
21

Here is a Tikz version without using pgfplots.

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=3cm,y=3cm,axis/.style={-latex,very thin},thick]
\draw[axis] (-1,0) -- (1,0);
\draw[axis] (0,-1) -- (0,1);
\draw (0,0) circle(0.8) -- (405:0.8);
\draw [red,->,domain=0:405,smooth,samples=100] 
    plot ({\x}: {0.3 + \x/3000}) node[right] {$405^\circ$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

rendering

Note that the node pos parameter does not work with tikz's plot command, so if you need positionning nodes on the path, it is better to use pgfplots.

10

Here is a simple MetaPost solution.

enter image description here

prologues := 3;
outputtemplate := "%j%c.eps";
input TEX;
beginfig(1);

theta = 405;

path xx, yy, s, c;
xx = (left--right) scaled 5cm;
yy = (down--up)    scaled 5cm;
drawarrow xx withcolor .7 white;
drawarrow yy withcolor .7 white;

c = fullcircle scaled 8cm;
s = (1.2cm,0) for t=1 step 1 until theta-eps: -- (1.2cm + (t/500)*cm,0) rotated t endfor;

drawoptions(withpen pencircle scaled 1);
linejoin := mitered;
draw c;
draw origin -- point theta/45 of c; 
drawarrow s withcolor .8 red; 
label.rt(TEX("$" & decimal theta & "^{\circ}$"), point .95 theta of s) withcolor .8 red;
endfig;
end.
8

Asymptote version using polargraph to draw the Archimedean spiral:

// spiral.asy:
//
settings.tex="pdflatex";
size(5cm);
import graph;
import fontsize;
defaultpen(fontsize(9pt));
texpreamble("\usepackage{siunitx}\usepackage{lmodern}");
pen linePen=darkblue+0.8bp;
pen thinPen=linewidth(0.7*linewidth())+gray(0.3);
real r=1, phi=405, rphi=radians(phi), d=0.2;
draw(Circle(0,r),linePen);
draw(E--(0,0)--rotate(phi)*E,linePen);
guide s=polargraph(new real(real t){return d*(1+t/rphi);},0,rphi);
draw(s,thinPen,Arrow(size=3));
label("$\ang{"+string(phi)+"}$",point(s,length(s)),E);
//
// to get spiral.pdf, run
// asy spiral.asy
//

enter image description here

7

With the mfpic package. To draw the spiral representing the angle, I used a simple polar function. Notice the \trimpath{ , } macro which trims the spiral at its extremities, to allow it not to overlap the x-axis and the radius at these points.

\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage[metapost, mplabels]{mfpic}
    \mfpverbtex{%&latex
        \documentclass{scrartcl}
        \begin{document}}
    \setlength{\mfpicunit}{1cm}
    \opengraphsfile{\jobname}   
\begin{document}
    \begin{mfpic}[4]{-1.25}{1.25}{-1.25}{1.25}
        \doaxes{xy}
        \penwd{1.2bp}
        \circle{origin, 1}
        \lines{origin, \plr{(1, 405)}}
        \store{big_angle}\plrfcn{0, 405, 1}{.25 + .15/360 t}
        \arrow[cred]\draw[red]\trimpath{.5bp, 1.2bp}\mfobj{big_angle}
        \tlpointsep{3bp}
        \tlabelcolor{red}
        \tlabel[cl]{point 382.5 of big_angle}{$405^\circ$}
    \end{mfpic}
    \closegraphsfile
\end{document}

To be processed with (PDF)LaTeX, then MetaPost, and then (PDF)LaTeX again.

enter image description here

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