Give code fragments a numbering (like equation-numbers, not line-numbers)

Question

Can I give my code fragments in minted a numbering, like with equation numbers, so they'd have a (1) etc. at the right side of them so they can be referred to? (E.g. to write something like "Combine code fragment (1) and (2) to get xyz..."). And also so that other people can reference them. I don't want to create a full floating listing, I would like to do it within the text-flow, like with equations.

Here's what I mean with some code:

Some text... blah.
\begin{minted}{cpp}
int a=0;
int b=5;
\end{minted} % => I want this code fragment to have a number on the right side, like equations do.
Now here (or later in the text), I would like to refer to above code fragment.

Like this with math:

\begin{equation}
a=0     % this will get a numbering, i.e. "(1)" on the right side
\label{myeq}
\end{equation}
As we can see in Eq. \ref{myeq}, ...blah.

So the text will look like "As we can see in Eq. 1, ...blah."

But that syntax doesn't work with minted.

I would prefer to do this in minted and not e.g. switch to listings.

Answer 1

You can do it with tcolorbox. Customize the frame as you like.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[many]{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{minted}

\NewTCBListing[auto counter]{codefragment}{mo}{%
  before skip=\topsep,
  after skip=\topsep,
  colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,
  comment={\hfill(\thetcbcounter)\IfValueT{#2}{\listinglabel{#2}}},
  listing outside comment,
  righthand width=2.5em,
  sidebyside gap=0pt,
  minted language=#1,
}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\listinglabel}[1]{%
  \edef\@currentlabel{\thetcbcounter}\label{#1}%
}
\makeatother


\begin{document}

Some text... blah. Some text... blah. Some text... blah.
Some text... blah. Some text... blah. Some text... blah.
Some text... blah.
\begin{codefragment}{cpp}[frag-A]
int a=0;
int b=5;
\end{codefragment}
Now here (or later in the text), I would like to refer to above code fragment
and I can:~\eqref{frag-A}.

Some text... blah. Some text... blah. Some text... blah.
Some text... blah. Some text... blah. Some text... blah.
Some text... blah.
\begin{codefragment}{cpp}[frag-B]
int a=0;
int b=5;
\end{codefragment}
Now here (or later in the text), I would like to refer to above code fragment
and I can:~\eqref{frag-B}.

\end{document}