siunitx error: "invalid-number" Invalid numerical input 'e'

Question

Well I've been working in some tables and for the number alignment I normally use the siunitxpackage since Mico helped me with this question.

But I've had in these new tables an error I don't understand how to solve.

siunitx error: "invalid-number" Invalid numerical input 'e'. 
For immediate help type H <return>. \end{tabularx}

I found these questions about it: question 1 and question 2. Unfortunately it isn't the same case, and I haven't found clues leading me to the solution.

My MWE is:

\documentclass[fontsize=10pt,paper=letter,headings=small,bibliography=totoc,DIV=9,headsepline=true,titlepage=on]{scrartcl}     
\usepackage[spanish,mexico]{babel}  
\usepackage{xspace} 
\usepackage{xkeyval}
\usepackage{array,multirow,multicol,rotating,tabularx,ragged2e,booktabs} 
%\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}X}
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash}X}
%\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}X}
\usepackage{rotating} % Paquete para rotar objetos flotantes
\usepackage{colortbl} % Paquete pata colorear tablas
\usepackage[per-mode=symbol]{siunitx} % Paquete para insertar unidades
\sisetup{
    output-decimal-marker = {.}, 
    group-minimum-digits = 4, 
    range-units = brackets,
    list-final-separator = { \translate{and} },
    list-pair-separator = { \translate{and} },
    range-phrase = { \translate{to (numerical range)} },
}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\providetranslation [ to = Spanish ]
{ to~(numerical~range) } { a } % substitute the right word here
\ExplSyntaxOff

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Mercado de energía eléctrica en Norteamérica}
\label{tab:emna}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}lYrYrYrYr @{}}
\toprule
País & Producción [\si{\giga\watt\hour}] & Fecha & Consumo [\si{\giga\watt\hour}] & Fecha & Exportaciones [\si{\giga\watt\hour}] & Fecha & Importaciones [\si{\giga\watt\hour}] & Fecha \\
\midrule
Canadá         &  612000 & 2007 &  530000 & 2006 & 50120 & 2007 & 19660   & 2007 \\
Estados Unidos & 4167000 & 2007 & 3892000 & 2007 & 20140 & 2007 & 51400   & 2007 \\
México         &  243300 & 2007 &  202000 & 2007 &  1278 & 2007 &   482.2 & 2007 \\ 
\bottomrule         
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}   
\end{document}

I try to use S column-type in the middle and right columns but I can't because the error mentioned before. I tried using simply S column without success and later S[table-format=5.0] but that didn't work. What's wrong with my tables?

---

Update

Although both answers were very interesting and useful, I'm afraid my problem persists. I can't add to my tables columns type S and I need them.

Now I add a table that currently work with the same problem, in which I used the column type Y meanwhile but the result hasn't been satisfactory.

I guess one of the packages in my preamble is responsible, see if I can detect itbecause the MWE seems to work smoothly.

Answer 1

(Re-wrote the answer after the OP changed the table in the MWE.)

The following solution lets you use the S column type for the four "GWh" columns and lets you use a tabularx environment (to assure that the width of the table is equal to \linewidth). The trick -- such as it is -- consists of using S for the numbers and C (a centered version of X) for the headers.

You'll observe that I've reorganized the table's header. Your original setup requires line-breaks for all four important header words -- Producción, Consumo, Exportaciones, and Importaciones. I think it's better to avoid (as much as possible) the hyphenation of such words. I left the square brackets around the GWh headers; however, they may not be needed.

(To simplify and streamline the preamble code, I've also removed all packages that don't appear to be essential to generating the table.)

\documentclass[fontsize=10pt,paper=letter,headings=small,bibliography=totoc,
         DIV=9,headsepline=true,titlepage=on]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[spanish,mexico]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

\usepackage{tabularx,booktabs}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X} % centered version of "X" column type
\newcommand\mc[1]{\multicolumn{2}{@{}C@{}}{#1}}  % shortcut macro

\usepackage{siunitx} % Paquete para insertar unidades
\sisetup{
    per-mode = symbol,
    output-decimal-marker = {.},
    group-minimum-digits = 4,
    range-units = brackets,
    list-final-separator = { \translate{and} },
    list-pair-separator = { \translate{and} },
    range-phrase = { \translate{to (numerical range)} },
}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\providetranslation [ to = Spanish ]
{ to~(numerical~range) } { a } % substitute the right word here
\ExplSyntaxOff

\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\caption{Mercado de energía eléctrica en Norteamérica}
\label{tab:emna}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} l
                  *{2}{S[table-format=7.0]r}
                       S[table-format=5.0]r
                       S[table-format=5.1]r @{}}
\toprule
País & \mc{Producción} & \mc{Consumo} & \mc{Exportaciones} & \mc{Importaciones} \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-3} \cmidrule(lr){4-5} \cmidrule(lr){6-7} \cmidrule(l){8-9} 
& [\si{\giga\watt\hour}] & Fecha & [\si{\giga\watt\hour}] & Fecha 
& [\si{\giga\watt\hour}] & Fecha & [\si{\giga\watt\hour}] & Fecha \\
\midrule
Canadá         &  612000 & 2007 &  530000 & 2006 & 50120 & 2007 & 19660   & 2007 \\
Estados Unidos & 4167000 & 2007 & 3892000 & 2007 & 20140 & 2007 & 51400   & 2007 \\
México         &  243300 & 2007 &  202000 & 2007 &  1278 & 2007 &   482.2 & 2007 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document} 

---

Addendum: Here's the same table, but without the reorganization of the header material. The code is the same as above, except that a Y column type is used for four of the header cells.

....
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\hspace{0pt}\RaggedRight\arraybackslash}X} % allow hyphenation
....
\begin{table}[htbp]
\setlength\tabcolsep{4pt}
\caption{Mercado de energía eléctrica en Norteamérica}
\label{tab:emna}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}l
      *{2}{S[table-format=7.0]r}
           S[table-format=5.0]r
           S[table-format=5.1]r @{}}
\toprule
País 
& \multicolumn{1}{Y}{Producción [\si{\giga\watt\hour}]} & Fecha 
& \multicolumn{1}{Y}{Consumo [\si{\giga\watt\hour}]} & Fecha 
& \multicolumn{1}{Y}{Exportaciones [\si{\giga\watt\hour}]} & Fecha 
& \multicolumn{1}{Y}{Importaciones [\si{\giga\watt\hour}]} & Fecha \\
\midrule
....

Answer 2

You don't need tabularx, but the stock tabular*. I just abbreviated “Estados Unidos” into “EUA” so to better fit the table in the available space.

Note that non numerical input in S columns should be braced; in this way, siunitx will not try and interpret the text as a number, which is the reason for the error message in the “Exportaciones” cell.

\documentclass[
  fontsize=10pt,
  paper=letter,
  headings=small,
  bibliography=totoc,
  DIV=9,
  headsepline=true,
  titlepage=on
]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[spanish,mexico]{babel}  
\usepackage{booktabs} 

\usepackage[per-mode=symbol]{siunitx} % Paquete para insertar unidades
\sisetup{
    output-decimal-marker = {.}, 
    group-minimum-digits = 4, 
    range-units = brackets,
    list-final-separator = { \translate{and} },
    list-pair-separator = { \translate{and} },
    range-phrase = { \translate{to (numerical range)} },
}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Mercado de energía eléctrica en Norteamérica}
\label{tab:emna}

\setlength{\tabcolsep}{1pt}% just a minimum
\begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{
  @{\extracolsep{\fill}}
  l
  S[table-format=7.0]
  c
  S[table-format=7.0]
  c
  S[table-format=5.0]
  c
  S[table-format=5.1]
  c
  @{}
}
\toprule
País & {Producción} & Fecha
     & {Consumo} & Fecha
     & {Exportaciones} & Fecha
     & {Importaciones} & Fecha \\
     & {(\si{\giga\watt\hour})} &
     & {(\si{\giga\watt\hour})} &
     & {(\si{\giga\watt\hour})} &
     & {(\si{\giga\watt\hour})} & \\
\midrule
Canadá  &  612000 & 2007 &  530000 & 2006 & 50120 & 2007 & 19660   & 2007 \\
EUA     & 4167000 & 2007 & 3892000 & 2007 & 20140 & 2007 & 51400   & 2007 \\
México  &  243300 & 2007 &  202000 & 2007 &  1278 & 2007 &   482.2 & 2007 \\ 
\bottomrule         
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}   
\end{document}

Answer 3

This code works. I took the opportunity to improve your table: I don't think you really need a tabularx environment, so I replaced the Y column with a plain l. I also made column head two-lined when I thought it necessary, with the makecell package:

\documentclass[fontsize=10pt, paper=letter, headings=small, bibliography=totoc, DIV=9, headsepline=true, titlepage=on]{scrartcl}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[spanish,mexico]{babel}
\usepackage{xspace}
\usepackage{xkeyval}
\usepackage{array,multirow,multicol,rotating,tabularx,ragged2e,booktabs}
\usepackage{ makecell}

\usepackage{rotating} % Paquete para rotar objetos flotantes
\usepackage{colortbl} % Paquete pata colorear tablas
\usepackage[per-mode=symbol]{siunitx} % Paquete para insertar unidades
\sisetup{
 output-decimal-marker = {.},
 group-minimum-digits = 4,
 range-units = brackets,
 list-final-separator = { \translate{and} },
 list-pair-separator = { \translate{and} },
 range-phrase = { \translate{to (numerical range)} },
}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\providetranslation [ to = Spanish ]
{ to~(numerical~range) } { a } % substitute the right word here
\ExplSyntaxOff

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htb]
  \centering
  \caption{Reservas y Recursos Prospectivos}
  \label{tab:RecOtorgados}%{0.85\linewidth}
  \begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\qquad}S[table-format=5.0]S[table-format=5.0] @{}}%
    \toprule
    Tipo/Área & {\thead{Recursos 2P \\{} [MMBPCE]}} & {\thead{Recursos Prospectivo\\{} [MMBPCE]}} \\
    \midrule
    Convencional & 20589 & 18222 \\
    Aguas Someras & 11374 & 7472 \\
    Sureste & 11238 & 7472 \\
    Norte & 136 & \\
    Terrestre & 8818 & 5913 \\
    Sur & 4379 & 5371 \\
    Chicontepec & 3556 & \\
    Burgos & 425 & \\
    Resto Norte & 459 & 542 \\
    Aguas Profundas & 397 & 4837 \\
    Perdido & & 3013 \\
    Holok-Han & 397 & 1824 \\
    No Convencional & & 5225 \\
    \midrule
    Total & 20589 & 23447 \\
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document} 

Answer 4

First of all in order to answer your question (fix your error): You have used some non-numerical cell in an S column. It should read (or begin with) "e". Just put this cell into curly braces.

Now in general and for your table: Do not use tabularx with numerical data. As your table is too big for the \linewidth, just reduce the width manually.

This would look like this:

% arara: pdflatex

\documentclass[fontsize=10pt,paper=letter,headings=small,DIV=9,headsepline=true]{scrartcl}     
\usepackage[spanish,mexico]{babel}  
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{booktabs} 
\usepackage{caption}
%\usepackage{rotating} % do not load that twice
\usepackage{siunitx}
\sisetup{group-minimum-digits = 4}

\begin{document}    
    \begin{table}[htbp]
        \centering
        \tabcolsep=1.33ex
        \caption{Mercado de energía eléctrica en Norteamérica}
        \label{tab:emna}
        \begin{tabular}{@{}lS[table-format=7.0]cS[table-format=7.0]cS[table-format=5.0]cS[table-format=5.1]c@{}}
            \toprule
            País & {Producción} & Fecha & {Consumo}  & Fecha & {Exptciones} & Fecha & {Imptciones} & Fecha \\
            & {en \si{\giga\watt\hour}} & & {en \si{\giga\watt\hour}} & & {en \si{\giga\watt\hour}} & & {en \si{\giga\watt\hour}} & \\
            \midrule
            Canadá &  612000 & 2007 &  530000 & 2006 & 50120 & 2007 & 19660   & 2007 \\
            EEUU   & 4167000 & 2007 & 3892000 & 2007 & 20140 & 2007 & 51400   & 2007 \\
            México &  243300 & 2007 &  202000 & 2007 &  1278 & 2007 &   482.2 & 2007 \\ 
            \bottomrule         
        \end{tabular}
    \end{table}   
\end{document}

If you really want to use tabularx, you will find answers here: How to use siunitx and tabularx together?

Do not use brackets around units. That is wrong.