I want my rotated figure captions to be facing outwards

Question

Edit 2:

Curiously, as well as my captions defaulting to the inside, my headers are on the opposite side than I ask them to be using

\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\leftmark}

Something is making my document get odd and even pages mixed up I think.

Edit:

If I chose my document class to be article and don't use 'twoside' then it points the captions in the correct direction. But then my page headers don't change with odd or even page numbers.

---

I have a Latex document in which some large figures are rotated sideways to fit them on the page.

I do this using \usepackage[]{rotating} and \begin{sidewaysfigure*}[]

The captions seem to be pointing toward the inside of the page, but I want them to point outwards. In other words, I want an even page number to be on the right hand side and have the sideways caption on the right hand side of the page. I changed to \usepackage[counterclockwise]{rotating}

but it doesn't seem to make any difference. Here is all of my preamble.

\documentclass[12pt,twoside]{ociamthesis} 
\usepackage[bottom=37mm,top=10mm,left=33mm,right=33mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{natbib}
\usepackage{calc}
\usepackage{aas_macros}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{amsmath, amsthm, amssymb, amsfonts}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{eucal}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{nomencl}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[counterclockwise]{rotating}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{dcolumn}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{xfrac}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\headheight}{30pt} 
\usepackage[font={footnotesize}]{caption}
\let\oldtabular\tabular
\renewcommand{\tabular}{\footnotesize\oldtabular}
\include{mymacros}
\makenomenclature
\renewcommand{\nomname}{List of Symbols}
\renewcommand*{\nompreamble}{\begin{multicols}{2}}
\renewcommand*{\nompostamble}{\end{multicols}}
\setlength{\columnsep}{3em}

Answer 1

Rotating treats every page of a one-sided document (like article) as an odd page. Anyway, given \rotatebox the rest is fairly easily done.

As it turns out, the page number inside a float is NOT reliable, hence the use of the ifoddpage package. Also, I assume the only reason for rotating a table or figure is if it is too big to fit normally, so I used the whole page.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{ifoddpage}
\usepackage{mwe}

\makeatletter
\let\floatpage=\oddpage@page
\makeatother

\newcommand{\sidewaysbox}[1]% #1 = contents
{\centering\checkoddpage% needs to run twice
 \ifoddpage
   \rotatebox{-90}{\begin{minipage}{\textheight}
   \centering #1
   \end{minipage}}%
 \else
   \rotatebox{90}{\begin{minipage}{\textheight}
   \centering #1
   \end{minipage}}%
 \fi}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\sidewaysbox{\includegraphics{example-image}
\caption{odd page \floatpage}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\sidewaysbox{\includegraphics{example-image}
\caption{even page \floatpage}}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

---

This version does not necessarily take up the whole page, but anything bigger than 0.7\textheight will anyway.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{ifoddpage}
\usepackage{mwe}

\makeatletter
\let\floatpage=\oddpage@page
\makeatother

\newsavebox{\tempbox}

\newcommand{\sidewaysbox}[2]% #1 = contents, #2 = caption
{\savebox{\tempbox}{#1}%
\centering\checkoddpage% needs to run twice
 \ifoddpage
   \rotatebox{-90}{\begin{minipage}{\wd\tempbox}
   \usebox{\tempbox} #2
   \end{minipage}}%
 \else
   \rotatebox{90}{\begin{minipage}{\wd\tempbox}
   \usebox{\tempbox} #2
   \end{minipage}}%
 \fi}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\sidewaysbox{\includegraphics{example-image}}
  {\caption{odd page \floatpage}}
\end{figure}

\lipsum[1-3]

\begin{figure}
\sidewaysbox{\includegraphics{example-image}}
  {\caption{even page \floatpage}}
\end{figure}

\lipsum[4-6]
\end{document}