This is not the first time trying to solve this problem, which is why I'm writing a self-answered question, after spending another hour to re-discover a solution.
How do I force Asymptote to output a PDF or EPS with a given exact page size, regardless of what graphical elements are drawn into it and without scaling the content?
size(width, height)
command, e.g.,size(50mm, 10mm);
size()
does not prevent the output page to be smaller than requested. Also, its documentation talks about scaling of the graphic, which I do not want to happen.