Here's a sample code, which works for latin math, but not for greek math.
\documentclass{article}
\providecommand{\bigset}[1]{\ensuremath{\uppercase{#1}}}
\begin{document}
\bigset d :-)
\bigset\delta :-(
\end{document}
I can find no clue on whether it is possible to "hellenicize" this idea?
$D$
or$\Delta$
? While the problem might be interesting, can you motivate it?\def\d{d} \bigset\d
do you really need to uppercase math? if using textual greek one might expect \MakeUppercase to work but uppercase in math is rather rare (and complicated for math greek as tex classically only has partial alphabets where things look different so \alpha but no \Alpha you could uppercase \alpha to A but not if you need to lowercase back to alpha