It would be better if you posted a full minimal working example as the answer might (but probably doesn't) depend on the package that you use for theorems etc. In any case, I think you need
\renewcommand\thetheorem{\alph{theorem}}
With this you obtain:

I am assuming that you only want to make the theorem
counter alphabetic, and not the sections. Here is the full code (a MWE):
\documentclass{article}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\begin{document}
\begin{theorem}first one \end{theorem}
\renewcommand\thetheorem{\alph{theorem}}
\begin{theorem}second one \end{theorem}
\end{document}