As shown by the following example, a (doubled) backslash in a listing is allowed within footnotes but not within fixed footnotes:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fixfoot}
\usepackage{listings}
\DeclareFixedFootnote{\foo}{\lstinline+foo+}
\newcommand{\baz}{\footnote{\lstinline+\\baz+}}
\DeclareFixedFootnote{\blah}{%
% \lstinline+\\blah+%
}
\begin{document}
Foo\foo.
Baz\baz.
Blah\blah.
\end{document}
Indeed, if the line % \lstinline+\\blah+%
is commented out, the compilation fails with the error:
! Improper alphabetic constant.
<to be read again>
\protect
l.18 Blah\blah
which is analog to the one we would get if the backslash in \lstinline+\\baz+
were not doubled.
Do you see a workaround?