Repeat characters n times

Question

I wanted to create a new command, which allows me to repeat any characters I want for n times. After some searching and trying, I came up with this:

\usepackage{multido}
\newcommand{\myrepeat}[2]{%
    \newcount\iterations%
    \iterations #1%
    \advance\iterations -1
    \multido{\iN=0+1}{\iterations}{#2\ }#2%
}

There was some weird spacing after the command in the resulting PDF, so I added the comment symbols % and then it disappeared.

My question is: Is there a better way of doing this, which is as easy to understand as this one, preferably not introducing many dependencies?

One without multido is fine too, if it's not too complicated, or if you can explain it, so that it's not complicated anymore. I guess using multido for such a thing is ok, since its name means to do something multiple times, but I am not sure I took the easiest and cleanest way of doing it.

Note that my solutions adds one less space than it adds items to the pdf. The way of substracting one seems suspiciously verbose to me.

I've got two versions working now:

The one from @egreg modified:

\makeatletter
\newcount\my@repeat@count% initialize a new counter for the loop
\newcommand{\myrepeat}[3]{% new command with 2 arguments
    \begingroup% ???
    \my@repeat@count=1% initialize at 1, so that there are argument - 1 iterations and the last iterations doesn't have a separator following it
    \@whilenum\my@repeat@count<#1\do{#2#3\advance\my@repeat@count1}#2% as long as the iteration count is smaller than the argument, advance, meaning that the counter will be increased by 1
    \endgroup% ???
}
\makeatother

\newcommand{\mediumgap}{%
    \myrepeat{5}{.....}{\ }
}

The one from @christian modified:

\newcount\myloopcounter
\newcommand{\repeatit}[3][10]{%
    \myloopcounter1% initialize the loop counter
    \loop\ifnum\myloopcounter < #1
    #2#3%
    \advance\myloopcounter by 1%
    \repeat% start again
    #2%
}
\newcommand{\longgap}{%
    \repeatit[5]{.....}{\ }
}

I don't know if one has any advantage over the other. Maybe there is also a better way of removing the last whitespace or separation character, instead of doing one less iteration and writing only the charactersto repeat again without the separator. I introduced the separator, because I thought it could be useful and it's just a third parameter.

Answer 1

No packages:

\documentclass{article}

\makeatletter
\newcount\my@repeat@count
\newcommand{\myrepeat}[2]{%
  \begingroup
  \my@repeat@count=\z@
  \@whilenum\my@repeat@count<#1\do{#2\advance\my@repeat@count\@ne}%
  \endgroup
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\myrepeat{4}{x}

\myrepeat{4}{\myrepeat{2}{x}}

\end{document}

Why the group? It allows nested calls.

If you just want to repeat a character:

\documentclass{article}

\newcommand\myrepeat[2]{%
  \begingroup
  \lccode`m=`#2\relax
  \lowercase\expandafter{\romannumeral#1000}%
  \endgroup
}

\begin{document}

\myrepeat{4}{x}

\end{document}

As Ulrich Diez rightly comments, this code would not allow a counter register as number of repetitions; in order to support this, a slightly more complicated version is

\newcommand\myrepeat[2]{%
  \begingroup
  \lccode`m=`#2\relax
  \lowercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\number\number#1 000}%
  \endgroup
}

\romannumeral triggers the first \number which expands the second one; if we have, say, 4 as #1 we get successively (where • denotes a space token

\romannumeral\number\number4•000
\romannumeral\number4000
\romannumeral4000
mmmm

If, instead, we have \count27 as #1 and \count27 holds the value 4, we get

\romannumeral\number\number\count27•000
\romannumeral\number4000
\romannumeral4000
mmmm

If we have \foo (a named counter register), again holding the value 4, we have

\romannumeral\number\number\foo•000
\romannumeral\number4•000
\romannumeral4000
mmmm

Therefore two instances of \number are necessary, in order to cover the third case. This exploits the fact that a space ends the search for an “explicit” number and is then ignored (the space token is not ignored in the third case, after the expansion of the second \number token).

If you also want a text to put in between the repetitions, the first approach is very simple: just start the loop at 1.

\makeatletter
\newcount\my@repeat@count
\newcommand{\myrepeat}[3]{%
  % #1 = number of repetition
  % #2 = text to repeat
  % #3 = text in between
  \begingroup
  #2
  \my@repeat@count=\@ne
  \@whilenum\my@repeat@count<#1\do{#2#3\advance\my@repeat@count\@ne}%
  \endgroup
}
\makeatother

(don't call this with zero repetitions).

A different solution with a recursion and the old idea of \romannumeral#1000 that produces a long string of m's that we can consume one at a time.

\documentclass{article}

\makeatletter
\newcommand\myrepeat[3]{%
  % #1 is the number of repetitions
  % #2 is the code to repeat
  % #3 is the code to put in the middle
  \expandafter\myrepeat@aux\expandafter{\romannumeral\number\number#1 000}{#2}{#3}%
}
\newcommand{\myrepeat@aux}[3]{\myrepeat@auxi{#2}{#3}#1;;}
\def\myrepeat@auxi#1#2#3#4{%
  \ifx#3;%
    \expandafter\@gobble % recursion has ended
  \else
    \expandafter\@firstofone % still one m to swallow
  \fi
  {\myrepeat@auxii{#1}{#2}{#4}}%
}
\def\myrepeat@auxii#1#2#3{%
  #1\ifx#3;\else#2\fi
  \myrepeat@auxi{#1}{#2}#3% restart the recursion
}
\makeatletter

\begin{document}

\myrepeat{4}{x}{-}

\myrepeat{1}{x}{-}

X\myrepeat{0}{x}{-}X

\end{document}

The recursion consumes two tokens at a time, in order to distinguish whether it has only one more step to do. The second token is put back when the recursion restarts.

---

However, this is just for study. In a real world application I'd do

\usepackage{xparse}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewExpandableDocumentCommand{\myrepeat}{O{}mm}
 {
  \int_compare:nT { #2 > 0 }
   {
    #3 \prg_replicate:nn { #2 - 1 } { #1#3 }
   }
 }
\ExplSyntaxOff

to be called like \myrepeat[-]{4}{x} to get

x-x-x-x

and \myrepeat{3}{A} to get

AAA

Answer 2

Here's a version without any package, just using plain \loop and \repeat etc.

\documentclass{article}

\newcount\myloopcounter

\newcommand{\repeatit}[2][10]{%
  \myloopcounter0% initialize the loop counter
  \loop\ifnum\myloopcounter < #1 % Test if the loop counter is < #1
  #2%
  \advance\myloopcounter by 1 % 
  \repeat % start again
}

\begin{document}

\repeatit[5]{A}


\repeatit[20]{And now for something completely different\par}

\end{document}

Answer 3

FWIW, in ConTeXt you can use \dorecurse to repeat something. For example:

\dorecurse{10}{Hello world. }

will print Hello world. 10 times. The current iteration number is stored in the macro \recurselevel.

Answer 4

In OpTeX, you can use \fornum macro:

\def\myrepeat#1#2{\fornum 1..#1\do {#2}}

\myrepeat{4}{x}

\myrepeat{4}{\myrepeat{2}{x}}

\message{\myrepeat{4}{\myrepeat{2}{x}}} % prints xxxxxxxx on the terminal.

\bye

The \fornum macro is fully expandable, you can use nested loops without opening or closing group.