How do I make this table?

Question

I need to create a table with a specific aspect. How did I create the table that I annexed to this message?

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{mathtools,float}
\usepackage{amstext}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
\usepackage{ragged2e}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[H]    
\centering    
\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c}    
\toprule    
 & Para os 10 per\'{i}odos & Medida (valor final)/ 10 per\'{i}odos &
 Para um per\'{i}odo & Medida (valor final)\\    
\midrule    
\hline M\'{e}dia & 14,04 & 14,04 & 1,404 & 1,40\\    
\hline Desvio Padr\~{a}o & 0,095770401 & 0,10 & 0,0095770401 & 0,01\\
\hline N contagens & 12 & 12 & 12 & 12\\    
\bottomrule    
\end{tabular}    
\end{table}

\end{document}

Answer 1

The first thing I would do is load geometry which will use slightly more sensible margins than LaTeX does by default. Since the table is too wide, you have a few options:

1. make the text of the table smaller e.g. with \small or \footnotesize;
2. rotate the table using options from, of example, the rotating package;
3. allow cells to break within columns;
4. add notes to the table for supplemental information;
5. reduce the spacing;
6. some combination of two or more of the above.

(1) and (5) will make the table harder for readers. Especially, I would recommend not doing (5) and, if you do use (1), don't do it to excess. \small may be acceptable if you are using a reasonably sized font. \tiny probably won't be.

In the table below, I use (3) and (4). For (3), I use a tabularx environment consisting of one l column and four X columns. I then use (4) to move some information into a table note using threeparttable. Note that I don't have much idea of the meaning as I don't speak the language. So my selection is based purely on the punctuation and you may well wish to move something different into the notes. But this should at least demonstrate how to do that.

Follow the booktabs guidelines as these are good for at least 98% of cases, probably more:

• \toprule, \midrule and \bottomrule (+ \cmidrule{} if required in more complex tables);
• no vertical rules;
• no double horizontal rules and, certainly, no \hlines.

\toprule and friends are designed to replace \hline etc. - they should not be used as well.

So these changes produce something like the following result:

It would be better, really, if the numbers were aligned on the decimal point. However, I had better leave that to the siunitx experts as I can only manage it for very simple cases.

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{mathtools,float,geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,tabularx,threeparttablex}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[H]
  \begin{threeparttable}
    \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{l*{4}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}}
      \toprule
      & Para os 10 per\'{i}odos & Medida\tnote{\textasteriskcentered} / 10 per\'{i}odos & Para um per\'{i}odo & Medida\tnote{\textasteriskcentered}\\
      \midrule
      M\'{e}dia & 14,04 & 14,04 & 1,404 & 1,40\\
      Desvio Padr\~{a}o & 0,095770401 & 0,10 & 0,0095770401 & 0,01\\
      N contagens & 12 & 12 & 12 & 12\\
      \bottomrule
    \end{tabularx}
    \begin{tablenotes}
      \item[\textasteriskcentered]valor final
    \end{tablenotes}
  \end{threeparttable}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 2

Some suggestions:

• Use fewer significant digits - What information is conveyed by 0,0095770401 which isn't also conveyed by, say, 0,009577?

• Keep using c as the column type for the numbers in columns 2 to 5, but use a column type that allows automatic line wrapping for the text in the header cells. I suggest you employ a tabularx environment, set its overall width to \textwidth, and use a centered version of the X column type for the 4 header cells.

• I see no need for the interior \hline directives.

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage[portuguese]{babel}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcommand\mC[1]{\multicolumn{1}{@{}C@{}}{#1}} % handy shortcut macro

\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} l cccc @{}}
\toprule
& \mC{Para os 10~per\'{i}odos} 
& \mC{Medida (valor~final)/ 10~per\'{i}odos} 
& \mC{Para um~per\'{i}odo} 
& \mC{Medida (valor~final)} \\
\midrule
M\'{e}dia         & 14,04   & 14,04 & 1,404    & 1,40\\
Desvio Padr\~{a}o & 0,09577 & 0,10  & 0,009577 & 0,01\\
N contagens       & 12      & 12    & 12       & 12\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\end{document}

Answer 3

As supplement to @cfr answer:

• for column heads are used macro thead from package makecell
• for aligning of numbers at decimal point is used S column type from package siunitx
• instead of tabularx is used ordinary tabular environment

With this changes you can obtain:

The code:

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
    \usepackage{mathtools,float,geometry}
    \usepackage{array,booktabs,makecell,tabularx,threeparttable}
\renewcommand\theadfont{\normalfont}
    \usepackage{siunitx}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
  \begin{threeparttable}
    \begin{tabular}{l*{2}{S[table-format=3.11]S[table-format=4.3]}}
      \toprule
    &   {\thead{Para os 10\\ per\'{i}odos}} 
        &   {\thead{Medida\tnote{\textasteriskcentered} / 10\\ per\'{i}odos}}
            &   {\thead{Para um\\ per\'{i}odo}} 
                &   {\thead[b]{Medida\tnote{\textasteriskcentered}}}\\
      \midrule
M\'{e}dia           & 14,04         & 14,04 & 1,404         & 1,40  \\
Desvio Padr\~{a}o   & 0,095770401   & 0,10  & 0,0095770401  & 0,01  \\
      N contagens   & 12            & 12    & 12            & 12    \\
      \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
  \begin{tablenotes}
      \item[\textasteriskcentered]valor final
    \end{tablenotes}
  \end{threeparttable}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Caveat: I'm not a siunitx expert, I only use it frequently ...

Edit:

Considering Mico comment let be noted:

• by loading of the geometry package the \textwidth is automatically increases from 360pt to 430pt. This means, that for table is with it more apace, i.e. the numbers with 11 decimal places can be set in full lenght. Otherwise, it had to be rounded on less decimal places, for examplt to five as manulay did Mico in his answer
• with option table-auto-round in combination with for example table-format=3.5 the numbers in table is rounded to five decimal places and shorter numbers padded with zero to the given number of decimals
• with siunitx option output-decimal-marker={,} the decimal marker is changed from dot to coma (as seems that the OP appears to wish to use commas.

To better see the influence of above consideration an table layout, I add showframe package and center table on text width. The complete renewed code is:

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
    \usepackage{booktabs,makecell,threeparttable}
\renewcommand\theadfont{\normalfont}
    \usepackage[output-decimal-marker={,}]{siunitx}

    \usepackage{showframe}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering
  \begin{threeparttable}
    \begin{tabular}{l*{2}{S[table-format=3.5,
                            table-auto-round]S[table-format=4.3]}}
      \toprule
    &   {\thead{Para os 10\\ per\'{i}odos}}
        &   {\thead{Medida\tnote{\textasteriskcentered} / 10\\ per\'{i}odos}}
            &   {\thead{Para um\\ per\'{i}odo}}
                &   {\thead[b]{Medida\tnote{\textasteriskcentered}}}\\
      \midrule
M\'{e}dia           & 14,04         & 14,04 & 1,404         & 1,40  \\
Desvio Padr\~{a}o   & 0,095770401   & 0,10  & 0,0095770401  & 0,01  \\
      N contagens   & 12            & 12    & 12            & 12    \\
      \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
  \begin{tablenotes}
      \item[\textasteriskcentered]valor final
    \end{tablenotes}
  \end{threeparttable}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Obtained result: