Maybe something like this?
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{utf8}
\XeTeXinterchartokenstate=1
\chardef\CharNormal=0
\chardef\CharBound=255
\newXeTeXintercharclass\CharNumbers
\XeTeXcharclass`0=\CharNumbers
\XeTeXcharclass`1=\CharNumbers
\XeTeXcharclass`2=\CharNumbers
\XeTeXcharclass`3=\CharNumbers
\XeTeXcharclass`4=\CharNumbers
\XeTeXcharclass`5=\CharNumbers
\XeTeXcharclass`6=\CharNumbers
\XeTeXcharclass`7=\CharNumbers
\XeTeXcharclass`8=\CharNumbers
\XeTeXcharclass`9=\CharNumbers
\newtoks\TokSetfont
\TokSetfont={\begin{normalfont}}
\XeTeXinterchartoks\CharNormal\CharNumbers=\TokSetfont
\XeTeXinterchartoks\CharBound\CharNumbers=\TokSetfont
\XeTeXinterchartoks\CharNumbers\CharNormal={\end{normalfont}}
\XeTeXinterchartoks\CharNumbers\CharBound={\end{normalfont}}
\begin{document}
\setcode{utf8}
\begin{arabtex}
\huge 1 hello 2 3 345
\end{arabtex}
\end{document}
Inspired by this answer.
Here is the result...
UPDATE WITH PDFLATEX
The following solution is compatible with pdflatex, based on the l3regex
package:
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{utf8}
\setcode{utf8}
\usepackage{expl3}
\usepackage{l3regex}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\tl_new:N \l_substituteNumbers_tl
\cs_new:Npn \substituteNumbers #1 {
\tl_set:Nn \l_substituteNumbers_tl {#1}
\regex_replace_all:nnN {[0-9]+} { \c{LR}\cB {\0 \cE} } \l_substituteNumbers_tl
\tl_use:N \l_substituteNumbers_tl
}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\begin{document}
\substituteNumbers{%
\begin{arabtex}%
\huge 1 hello 2 3 345
\end{arabtex}%
}%
\end{document}
And this is what you get:
I hope that this solution fix your problem!
UPDATE 2: Enumeration fixed
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{utf8}
\setcode{utf8}
\usepackage{expl3}
\usepackage{l3regex}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\tl_new:N \l_substituteNumbers_tl
\cs_new:Npn \substituteNumbers #1 {
\tl_set:Nn \l_substituteNumbers_tl {#1}
\regex_replace_all:nnN {[0-9]+} { \c{LR}\cB {\0 \cE} } \l_substituteNumbers_tl
\tl_use:N \l_substituteNumbers_tl
}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\renewcommand{\theenumi}{\LR{\arabic{enumi}}}
\begin{document}
\substituteNumbers{%
\begin{arabtex}%
\huge 1 hello 2 3 345
\begin{enumerate}
\item A 1
\item B 2
\item C 3
\item D 4
\item E 5
\end{enumerate}
\end{arabtex}%
}%
\end{document}
In this version, enumerate environment uses arabic numbers, as required by @salim bou. The result of the previous code is shown in the following image.