Multicolumn and hline

Question

If I run the following code I got a table with a multicolumn of 5 but if I place an \hline before the multicolumn as seen in the code it closes all the table in the upper part. How can I close only the 5 multicolumn leaving the other part without lines?

\begin{tabular}{|r{1.5cm}|c{1.5cm}|c{1.5cm}|c{1.5cm}|c{1.5cm}|c{2.5cm}|c{1.33cm}|c{1.3cm}|c{2cm}|}
\hline %with this command the line is for all the table not just the 5 columns
\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Mensual} \\
\hline
& L\'iquido & S. Social & IRPF & TOTAL & Anual l\'iquido & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} & Total Anual\\ 
Nombre & (A) & (B) & (C) & A+B+C & (D) = A $\times$ pagas& \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Por Caja o ``B''} & (D) + Caja\\ \hline
Jos\'e & 2.563,56 \euro & 172,82 \euro & 864,12 \euro & 3.600,5 \euro & \textbf{38.453 \euro} & 21.295 \euro & 9.851 \euro & \textbf{69.599 \euro}\\ \hline
Pedro & 1.949,50 \euro & 170,60 \euro & 669,50 \euro & 2.789,6 \euro & \textbf{41.844 \euro} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Sin Datos}& \textbf{41.844 \euro}\\ \hline
Antonio & 2.240,72 \euro & 181,99 \euro & 601,84 \euro & 3.024,6 \euro & \textbf{26.889 \euro} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{10.125 \euro}& \textbf{37.014 \euro}\\ \hline
Lina & 1.870,12 \euro & 152,01 \euro & 334,13 \euro & 2.356,3 \euro & \textbf{28.052 \euro} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Sin Datos}& \textbf{28.052 \euro}\\ \hline
\end{tabular}

Answer 1

an alternative with use of siunitx and similar "open look" of table as propsed Mico in his answer:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell}
\usepackage{eurosym}
\usepackage{siunitx}

\usepackage{etoolbox}
\newcommand{\B}{\fontseries{b}\selectfont} % renew def. for non-extended bold font
\robustify\B


\begin{document}

\begingroup
    \sisetup{detect-weight,
            output-decimal-marker={,},
            group-minimum-digits=4,
            group-separator={.}
            }
    \setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
    \small
\begin{tabular}{@{}l
                S[table-format=4.2]
           *{2}{S[table-format=3.2]}
                S[table-format=4.1]
                S[table-format=4.0]
                S[table-format=5.0]
                S[table-format=4.0]
                S[table-format=5.0]
                @{}}
    \toprule
    & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Mensual}   &   \multicolumn{4}{c}{}    \\
    \cmidrule(lr){2-5}
\thead[b]{Nombre}
    &   {\thead[b]{L\'iquido\\ (A)}}
        &   {\thead[b]{S. Social\\ (B)}}
            &   {\thead[b]{IRPF\\ (C)}}
                &   {\thead[b]{TOTAL\\ (A + B + C)}}
                    &   {\thead[b]{Anual l\'iquido (D)\\
                        $=(\mathrm{A})\times \mathrm{paagas}$}}
                        &   \multicolumn{2}{c}{\thead[b]{Por Caja o ``B''}}
                            &   {\thead[b]{Total Anual\\
                                $(D) + \mathrm{Caja}$}}                              \\
    \cmidrule(lr){7-8}
    & {\euro} & {\euro} & {\euro} & {\euro} & {\euro} & {\euro} & {\euro} & {\euro} \\
     \midrule
Jos\'e  & 2 563.56  & 172.82 & 864.12  & 3 600.5 & \B 38 453 & 21 295 & 9 851  & \B 69 599 \\ Pedro   & 1 949.50  & 170.60 & 669.50  & 2 789.6 & \B 41 844
            &   \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sin Datos}    & \B 41 844         \\
Antonio & 2 240.72  & 181.99 & 601.84  & 3 024.6 & \B 26 889
            &   \multicolumn{2}{c}{10.125}       & \B 37 014        \\
Lina    & 1 870.12  & 152.01 & 334.13 & 2 356.3  & \B 28 052
            &   \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sin Datos}    & \B 28 052        \\
\bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
    \end{document}

Answer 2

As far as I can tell, there's no need to specify exact widths for any of the columns, especially as automatic line wrapping would seem to be inappropriate. Just use the "standard" column types -- l, c, and r -- instead.

Your table does have quite few columns, and it thus won't fit on a normal-sized page in portrait mode (unless you select a minuscule font size). I therefore suggest you typeset the table in landscape mode instead -- using, say, the sidewaystable environment provided by the rotating package.

\documentclass[spanish]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[spanish]{babel}  % or 'portuguese' ?
\usepackage{array,eurosym,rotating}
\begin{document}

\begin{sidewaystable}
\setlength\extrarowheight{2pt}  
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|l|*{8}{c|}}
\cline{1-5}
\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Mensual} \\
\hline
Nombre & L\'iquido & S. Social & IRPF & Total & Anual l\'iquido & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Por Caja o ``B''} & Total Anual\\ 
& (A) & (B) & (C) & (A)+(B)+(C) & (D) = A$\times$pagas& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & (D) + Caja\\ 
\hline
Jos\'e & 2.563,56 \euro & 172,82 \euro & 864,12 \euro & 3.600,5 \euro & \textbf{38.453 \euro} & 21.295 \euro & 9.851 \euro & \textbf{69.599 \euro}\\ 
\hline
Pedro & 1.949,50 \euro & 170,60 \euro & 669,50 \euro & 2.789,6 \euro & \textbf{41.844 \euro} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Sin Datos}& \textbf{41.844 \euro}\\ 
\hline
Antonio & 2.240,72 \euro & 181,99 \euro & 601,84 \euro & 3.024,6 \euro & \textbf{26.889 \euro} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{10.125 \euro}& \textbf{37.014 \euro}\\ 
\hline
Lina & 1.870,12 \euro & 152,01 \euro & 334,13 \euro & 2.356,3 \euro & \textbf{28.052 \euro} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Sin Datos}& \textbf{28.052 \euro}\\ 
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{sidewaystable}

\end{document}

---

Addendum: You should also give some thought to giving your table a more "open" look, in order to make it look more inviting and welcoming to your readers. To achieve such a look, do consider (i) getting rid of all vertical lines and most horizontal lines and (ii) using the macros of the booktabs package for the remaining horizontal lines. To further enhance readability, consider putting the euro symbols in a separate header row.

\documentclass[spanish]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[spanish]{babel}  % or 'portuguese' ?
\usepackage{eurosym,rotating,booktabs}
\begin{document}

\begin{sidewaystable} 
\centering
\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{8}{c}@{}}

\multicolumn{5}{@{}c}{Mensual} \\
\cmidrule(r){1-5}
Nombre & L\'iquido & S. Social & IRPF & Total & Anual l\'iquido & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Por Caja o ``B''} & Total Anual\\ 
& (A) & (B) & (C) & (A)+(B)+(C) & (D) = (A)$\times$pagas& & & (D) + Caja\\ 
\cmidrule(lr){7-8}
& (\euro) & (\euro) & (\euro) & (\euro) & (\euro) & (\euro) & (\euro) & (\euro) \\
\midrule
Jos\'e & 2.563,56 & 172,82 & 864,12 & 3.600,50 & \textbf{38.453} & 21.295 & 9.851 & \textbf{69.599}\\ 
\addlinespace
Pedro & 1.949,50 & 170,60 & 669,50 & 2.789,60 & \textbf{41.844} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sin Datos}& \textbf{41.844}\\ 
\addlinespace
Antonio & 2.240,72 & 181,99 & 601,84 & 3.024,55 & \textbf{26.889} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{10.125\,\euro}& \textbf{37.014}\\ 
\addlinespace
Lina & 1.870,12 & 152,01 & 334,13 & 2.356,26 & \textbf{28.052} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sin Datos}& \textbf{28.052}\\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{sidewaystable}

\end{document}

Answer 3

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{eurosym}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{|p{1.5cm}|p{1.2cm}|p{1.2cm}|p{1.2cm}|p{1.2cm}|p{1.5cm}|p{0.9cm}|p{0.6cm}|p{1.2cm}|}
    \hline %with this command the line is for all the table not just the 5 columns 
\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Mensual} &\multicolumn{4}{c|}{}\\ %needed to insert line break 
    \hline
    & L\'iquido & S. Social & IRPF & TOTAL & Anual l\'iquido & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} & Total Anual\\ 
    Nombre & (A) & (B) & (C) & A+B+C & (D) = A $\times$ pagas& \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Por Caja o ``B''} & (D) + Caja\\ \hline
    & \euro & \euro & \euro & \euro &\euro & \euro & \euro & \euro \\\hline
    Jos\'e & 2.563,56 & 172,82 & 864,12  & 3.600,5 & \textbf{38.453} & 21.295 & 9.851  & \textbf{69.599 }\\ \hline
    Pedro & 1.949,50 & 170,60  & 669,50  & 2.789,6 & \textbf{41.844 } & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Sin Datos}& \textbf{41.844 }\\ \hline
    Antonio & 2.240,72  & 181,99 & 601,84  & 3.024,6  & \textbf{26.889 } & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{10.125}& \textbf{37.014}\\ \hline
    Lina & 1.870,12  & 152,01 & 334,13 & 2.356,3  & \textbf{28.052} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Sin Datos}& \textbf{28.052 }\\ \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \end{document}