Tabularx neverending rows

Question

So basically my tables work fine under the tabular format, but in some cases I need to use tabularx because they are too large to fit within the normal textwidth.

However, the rows become infinitely long, due to an erroneous extra column it seems?

EDIT: Changed the table to my actual table. Image1 shows the same code using tabular and without the \noindent\makebox. As you can see, the table is too wide and floats slightly off to the right, hence I try using tabularx to make it wider, such that it can be centred on the page. However it gives a weird unending rows.

Image:

In image1, the table is wider than the text width, though at least it correctly ends. Hence I try using tabularx in the code below, which results in image2:

Code:

\begin{table}[!h]
\label{table-A_3_posthoc}
\centering
\small
\caption[One-way ANOVA tests for scenarios 14, 16, 18 and 19-22]{One-way ANOVA tests showing the variation between sample means in three different internetwork topologies. Comparisons without a significant level (SL) were deemed statistically insignificantly different i.e. $p > 0.05$.\\}
\noindent\makebox[\textwidth]{%
\begin{tabularx}{1.5\textwidth}{l|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r}
\toprule
One-way ANOVA & SL($\langle k \rangle$) & SL($\overline{C_E}$) & SL($D$) & SL($\ell$) & SL($G_E$) & SL($C_G$) & SL($\Phi$) & SL($\Gamma$)\\
\midrule
14 and 19 & 0.010 & & 0.010 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001\\
16 and 20 & 0.001 & & 0.010 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.050 & & \\
18 and 21 & 0.001 & 0.050 & 0.050 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.010 & 0.010\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}}
\end{table}

Preamble:

\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage[margin=1.4in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb} % For using * for no eq. numbers
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage[]{graphicx} % For inserting figures etc
\usepackage{booktabs} % For \toprule, \midrule and \bottomrule
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage[toc,page]{appendix}
\usepackage[nottoc,notlot,notlof]{tocbibind}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage{framed}
\usepackage{cite}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{algpseudocode}
\usepackage{algorithm}
\usepackage{algorithmicx}

Answer 1

If you want to use the tabularx environment, do make sure to feature at least one column that employs the X column type. In the example code below, I suggest assigning a centered version of the X column type to the 8 data columns.

There is no need for the \makebox "wrapper". Given the width of the textblock, there's no need for the \small font size directive either. Since the width of the tabularx environment is (or at least should be!) \textwidth, the \centering instruction is redundant. And, do get rid of the unneeded vertical bars.

\documentclass{article}  
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
% Define a centered version of the "X" column type:
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage[margin=1.4in]{geometry}
\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\label{table-A_3_posthoc}
\caption[One-way ANOVA tests for scenarios 14, 16, 18 and 19-22]{One-way 
  ANOVA tests showing the variation between sample means in three 
  different internetwork topologies. Comparisons without a significant 
  level (SL) were deemed statistically insignificantly different, i.e., 
  $p > 0.05$.}

\smallskip
\begin{tabularx}{1\textwidth}{@{} l *{8}{C} @{}}
\toprule
One-way ANOVA & SL($\langle k \rangle$) & SL($\overline{C_E}$) & SL($D$) 
  & SL($\ell$) & SL($G_E$) & SL($C_G$) & SL($\Phi$) & SL($\Gamma$)\\
\midrule
14 and 19 & 0.010 &       & 0.010 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001\\
16 and 20 & 0.001 &       & 0.010 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.050 & & \\
18 and 21 & 0.001 & 0.050 & 0.050 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.010 & 0.010\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\end{document}



\documentclass{article}  
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
% define a centered version of the "X" column type:
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage[margin=1.4in]{geometry}
\begin{document}

\begin{table}[!h]
\label{table-A_3_posthoc}
\centering
\caption[One-way ANOVA tests for scenarios 14, 16, 18 and 19-22]{One-way ANOVA tests showing the variation between sample means in three different internetwork topologies. Comparisons without a significant level (SL) were deemed statistically insignificantly different, i.e., $p > 0.05$.}

\smallskip
\begin{tabularx}{1\textwidth}{@{} l *{7}{C} c @{}}
\toprule
One-way ANOVA & SL($\langle k \rangle$) & SL($\overline{C_E}$) & SL($D$) & SL($\ell$) & SL($G_E$) & SL($C_G$) & SL($\Phi$) & SL($\Gamma$)\\
\midrule
14 and 19 & 0.010 & & 0.010 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001\\
16 and 20 & 0.001 & & 0.010 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.050 & & \\
18 and 21 & 0.001 & 0.050 & 0.050 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.010 & 0.010\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\end{document}

Answer 2

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{array,booktabs}

\newcommand\hd[1]{%
\begin{tabular}{@{}c@{}}#1\end{tabular}}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htp]%[!h]

\centering
\small
\caption[One-way ANOVA tests for scenarios 14, 16, 18 and 19-22]{One-way ANOVA tests showing the variation between sample means in three different internetwork topologies. Comparisons without a significant level (SL) were deemed statistically insignificantly different i.e. $p > 0.05$.%
%\\ never end a paragraph with \\
\label{table-A_3_posthoc}% never use \label before caption
}


\begin{tabular}{l|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r}
\toprule
\hd{One-way\\ANOVA}&
\hd{SL\\($\langle k \rangle$)} &
\hd{SL\\($\overline{C_E}$)}&
\hd{SL\\($D$)}&
\hd{SL\\($\ell$)}&
\hd{SL\\($G_E$)}&
\hd{SL\\($C_G$)}&
\hd{SL\\($\Phi$)}&
\hd{SL\\($\Gamma$)}\\
\midrule
14 and 19 & 0.010 & & 0.010 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001\\
16 and 20 & 0.001 & & 0.010 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.050 & & \\
18 and 21 & 0.001 & 0.050 & 0.050 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.010 & 0.010\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}

Answer 3

Table environment tabularxis not intended to set table wider than text width! With proper use of column type -- it should be based on X column type -- it determine column with itself and longer text in cells break into more lines. So never use only tabular column types (l, c, r, p{...}) in tabularx as you do.

If you like to some place have table wider than is text width (but not wider than page width as it is in your case):

than you need to appropriate change text width locally for table. This can be done on different ways, one of among them (beside of one you used) is for example use of the package changepage:

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1.4in,showframe]{geometry}

\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}

\usepackage{changepage}

\begin{document}
\begin{adjustwidth}{-1in}{-1in}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}X|>{\centering\arraybackslash}X|}
    \hline
Hello & Right\\
    \hline
Yes & No\\
    \hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{adjustwidth}
\end{document}

Addendum: meanwhile the question is changed and from it now follows, that the table actually perfectly fit in \textwidth ... If you for some reason still like stick with tabularx, you can rewrite your table as follows:

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1.4in,showframe]{geometry}

\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}

\usepackage{siunitx}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[!h]
\label{table-A_3_posthoc}
\small
\caption[One-way ANOVA tests for scenarios 14, 16, 18 and 19-22]{One-way ANOVA tests showing the variation between sample means in three different internetwork topologies. Comparisons without a significant level (SL) were deemed statistically insignificantly different i.e. $p > 0.05$.\\}

\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X|
                             *{8}{S[table-format=1.3]}
                             }%r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r}
\toprule
One-way ANOVA & {SL($\langle k \rangle$)} & {SL($\overline{C_E}$)} & {SL($D$)} & {SL($\ell$)} & {SL($G_E$)} & {SL($C_G$)} & {SL($\Phi$)} & {SL($\Gamma$)}\\
\midrule
14 and 19 & 0.010 & & 0.010 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001\\
16 and 20 & 0.001 & & 0.010 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.050 & & \\
18 and 21 & 0.001 & 0.050 & 0.050 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.010 & 0.010\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}