Figure at the top, caption at the bottom of the page

Question

Can place figure at the top of the page, and caption at the bottom?

This is example when i moved caption down, but i want to "stick" it to the bottom.

Figure will be resized to width=1\textwidth, and will occupy 1/3 page height.

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}

\usepackage{caption}

\captionsetup{
skip=4cm  % \vfill ?
}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics [width=1\textwidth]{test}

\caption{A figure}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

This id desired output:

Answer 1

LaTeX doesn't directly support this, but despite rumours to the contrary it doesn't arbitrarily separate floats so with a bit of care you can put the image in a top float and the caption in a bottom float.

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}


\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics [width=1\textwidth]{test}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[b]
\caption{A figure}
\end{figure}
\def\x{Some text to fill up some space. }
\def\y{\x\x\x Red green yellow blue \x\x
\x\x\x Red green yellow blue \x\x}

\y\y\y\y

\x\y\x\y\x\y\x\y

Apple orange pear \x\y\x\y\x\y\x\y
Apple orange pear \x\y\x\y\x\y\x\y


\end{document}

in an automated workflow where you are not reading the document each time you could set a \label in each of the floats and generate an error if the \pageref are not the same.

---

Or as clarified in commens perhaps you want the float to take a full page so:

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}


\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[p]
\begin{minipage}[c][\textheight]{\textwidth}
\includegraphics [width=\textwidth]{test}


\vfill
\caption{A figure}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}
\def\x{Some text to fill up some space. }
\def\y{\x\x\x Red green yellow blue \x\x
\x\x\x Red green yellow blue \x\x}

\y\y\y\y

\x\y\x\y\x\y\x\y

Apple orange pear \x\y\x\y\x\y\x\y
Apple orange pear \x\y\x\y\x\y\x\y


\end{document}