Disclaimer: This solution is not perfect, but might be a good start. The parsing of PDFs was written by me because, I had a huge set of PDFs not available in my BibTeX database. There might be other alternatives such as Papers and Mendeley which are said to have a good PDF parsing and BibTeX export. I am one of the authors of JabRef and like open source development.
JabRef is an MIT-licensed open-source BibTeX and BibLaTeX bibliographic manager actively developed on GitHub. It offers the functionality to import bibliographic data from PDFs.
Adjust the JabRef key generation pattern to fit your needs
JabRef offers a BibTeX key generation and offers different patterns described at https://help.jabref.org/en/BibtexKeyPatterns.
In your case, the closest match is [authors]:[camel]
.
Open the preferences

Navigate to "BibTeX key generator"

Change the default pattern to [authors]:[camel]
.

Click "OK"
Link the PDFs to your bib file
Create or open a .bib file.
Go to "Quality" -> "Find unlinked files".

The "Find unlinked files" dialog opens.

Choose a directory using the "Browse" button.
Click on "Scan directory".
In "Select files", the files not yet contained in the database are shown.

To create entries for all files, click on "Apply".
For each file, an import dialog is shown

The dialog shows the XMP metadata stored in the PDF in the area "XMP-metadata".
If this data fits your needs, select "Create entry based on XMP data".
Typically, the XMP-metadata is not good enough.
Choose "Create entry based on content".
Click on "OK" to start the import
A dialog asking for the link is opened
You can choose "Leave file in its current directory" to keep the file where it is. Typically, this is that what one wants.
In case you choose "Move file to file directory", you can also choose to rename the file to the generated BibTeX key.
Press OK to link the file to the BibTeX entry
This happens for each file. After that, the "Find unlinked files" dialog is shown. Just click on "Close" to close it.
The entry editor with the last imported entry is shown

You can now save the file and are finished.
Optional: Click on "General" to see the linked file

Optional: Click on "BibTeX source" to see the BibTeX source

Optional: You have to shrink it to see the entry in the entry table
Enlarge the JabRef window and use the mouse at the upper border of the entry editor

Optional: Press Esc to show the entry preview

Further information
PDFs for which it works
The importer based on the content has been written for IEEE and LNCS formatted papers.
Other formats are not (yet) supported.
In case a DOI is found on the first page, the DOI is used to generate the BibTeX information.
The next development step is to extract the title of the PDF, use the "Lookup DOI" and then the Get BibTeX data from DOI functionality from JabRef to fetch the BibTeX data.
We are also thinking about replacing the code completely by using another library.
This is much effort and there is no timeline for that.
Better filenames
JabRef also offers to change the filenames. You can adapt the pattern at Preferences -> Import

Select "Choose pattern" and choose "bibtexkey - title"
This results in the setting ´\bibtexkey\begin{title} - \format[RemoveBrackets]{\title}\end{title}`.
This makes the filenames start with the bibtey key followed by the full title. In the concrete case, \bibtexkey
only may be the better option as the described bibtey key already contains the title.
Tested JabRef versions
One has to use a recent version of JabRef.
With JabRef 3.6, this feature did not work: https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/2214
Mr.DLib
JabRef used to have support for Mr.DLib, which returned back a full BibTeX entry or a PDF. Due to unclear copyright situation of a used library, this service was removed. Further, Mr.DLib changes its focus and will provide literature recommendations. See https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/pull/2189.
Related Questions:
djvups
(djvu.sourceforge.net/doc/man/djvups.html)dvips
andps2pdf
first to convert everything else to pdf.