Table in Two Column

Question

I am trying to generate a table in a two column document. However, the table also appears in the column settings. I want that table should appear in the one column settings in the float environment. The minimum working example is given below:

      \documentclass[11pt,twocolumn,conference]{IEEEtran}
      \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
      \usepackage{times}
      \usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}
      \usepackage[english]{babel}
      \usepackage[final]{graphicx}
      \usepackage{natbib}
      \setlength{\bibsep}{0.0pt}
      \usepackage{geometry}
      \geometry{verbose,tmargin=3cm,bmargin=3cm,lmargin=3cm,rmargin=3cm }
      \usepackage{caption}% <-- added
      \captionsetup[table]{skip = 3pt}
      \usepackage{tabulary}
      \usepackage[para]{threeparttable}
      \usepackage{array,booktabs,longtable,tabularx}
      \newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}% <-- added
      \usepackage{ltablex}% <-- added
      \usepackage{siunitx}% <-- added
      \usepackage{caption}% <-- added
      \setlength{\LTcapwidth}{7in}
      \usepackage[flushleft]{threeparttablex}

      \begin{document}
      \section{INTRODUCTION}
      This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. 

      \begin{table}[!htb]
          \centering
          \footnotesize
          \caption{Year Wise Treatment Frequencies} \label{tab:freq}
          \caption*{
              \footnotesize
              This table provides the frequencies 
          } 

          \begin{tabulary}{\textwidth}{ccccr}
              \toprule
              Year  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Nones} & Option  1 & Option 2 & Total \\
              \midrule
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2001} & 126   & 16    & 2     & 144 \\
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2002} & 114   & 9     & 4     & 127 \\
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2003} & 115   & 7     & 1     & 123 \\
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2004} & 114   & 6     & 4     & 124 \\
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2005} & 104   & 5     & 8     & 117 \\
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2006} & 96    & 3     & 6     & 105 \\
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2007} & 93    & 2     & 4     & 99 \\
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2008} & 93    & 2     & 2     & 97 \\
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2009} & 85    & 2     & 11    & 98 \\
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2010} & 83    & 0     & 7     & 90 \\
              \multicolumn{1}{r}{2011} & 74    & 0     & 12    & 86 \\
              \midrule      
              Total & 1,097 & 52    & 61    & 1,210 \\
              \bottomrule
          \end{tabulary}
      \end{table}
       This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction.This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction.
      \end{document}

Answer 1

I'm not sure I understand your requirements, but it looks to me like you want a table that occupies the width of a full column. If this is the case, you should look into using a tabular* environment with a width set to \columnwidth. Oh, and don't use both a \caption and a \caption* directive for one and the same figure -- it's abuse of notation, if not something worse.

\documentclass[11pt,twocolumn,conference]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[final]{graphicx}
\usepackage{natbib}
\setlength{\bibsep}{0.0pt}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,margin=3cm}
\usepackage{caption}% <-- added
\captionsetup[table]{skip = 3pt}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage[para]{threeparttable}
\usepackage{array,booktabs,longtable,tabularx}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}% <-- added
\usepackage{ltablex}% <-- added
\usepackage{siunitx}% <-- added
\usepackage{caption}% <-- added
\setlength{\LTcapwidth}{7in}
\usepackage[flushleft]{threeparttablex}

\flushbottom

\begin{document}
\section{INTRODUCTION}
This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section.

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\begin{table}[!htb]
\captionsetup{size=footnotesize}
\caption{Year Wise Treatment Frequencies} \label{tab:freq}
\setlength\tabcolsep{0pt} % let LaTeX compute intercolumn whitespace
\footnotesize\centering
This table provides the frequencies.

\smallskip 
\begin{tabular*}{\columnwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}rcccr}
\toprule
  Year  & Nones& Option  1 & Option 2 & Total \\
\midrule
  2001& 126   & 16    & 2     & 144 \\
  2002& 114   & 9     & 4     & 127 \\
  2003& 115   & 7     & 1     & 123 \\
  2004& 114   & 6     & 4     & 124 \\
  2005& 104   & 5     & 8     & 117 \\
  2006& 96    & 3     & 6     & 105 \\
  2007& 93    & 2     & 4     & 99 \\
  2008& 93    & 2     & 2     & 97 \\
  2009& 85    & 2     & 11    & 98 \\
  2010& 83    & 0     & 7     & 90 \\
  2011& 74    & 0     & 12    & 86 \\
  \midrule
  Total & 1,097 & 52    & 61    & 1,210 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}

This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction.This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is a the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. 

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\end{document}

---

Addendum to address the OP's followup comment: To make the tabular material span both columns, all you need to change in the code shown above answer is (a) replace both of instances of {table} with {table*} and replace \columnwidth with \textwidth. Do be aware, though, that LaTeX places table* and figure* environments only at the top of a page. Since there's more than enough space now, you should probably get rid of the footnotesize directives, though.

---

Second Addendum: Further analysis of the contents of the table environments shows that (a) it's not necessary to switch to \footnotesize and (b) it would useful, from the point of making the numeric information more readable, to align the numbers in the four data columns on their (implicit) decimal markers. This may be achieved by loading the siunitx package and employing the S column type.

Separately, since you're using the IEEEtran document class, I would not load the caption package, as doing so modifies the appearance of captions rather decisively. I would assume that you're using IEEEtran for a solid reason; you should thus be rather careful to change the layout and appearance of table and figure captions.

\documentclass[11pt,twocolumn,conference]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{newtxtext,newtxmath}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[verbose,margin=3cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs,siunitx}
\sisetup{group-minimum-digits=4,group-separator={,}}
\newcolumntype{T}[1]{S[table-format=#1]}

% macro for a paragraph of filler text
\newcommand\blurb{This section is the introduction section. Here is the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is the text about the introduction. This section is the introduction section. Here is the text about the introduction.\par}

%\flushbottom % may not be necessary

\begin{document}
\section{Introduction}
\blurb\blurb
\begin{table}[!htb]
\setlength\tabcolsep{0pt}
\caption{Year Wise Treatment Frequencies} \label{tab:freq}
\centering
This table provides the frequencies.

\smallskip
\begin{tabular*}{\columnwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}%
    l T{4}T{2}T{2}T{4}}
\toprule
Year & {Nones}& {Option 1} & {Option 2} & {Total} \\
\midrule
  2001& 126   & 16    & 2     & 144 \\
  2002& 114   & 9     & 4     & 127 \\
  2003& 115   & 7     & 1     & 123 \\
  2004& 114   & 6     & 4     & 124 \\
  2005& 104   & 5     & 8     & 117 \\
  2006& 96    & 3     & 6     & 105 \\
  2007& 93    & 2     & 4     & 99 \\
  2008& 93    & 2     & 2     & 97 \\
  2009& 85    & 2     & 11    & 98 \\
  2010& 83    & 0     & 7     & 90 \\
  2011& 74    & 0     & 12    & 86 \\
  \midrule
  Total & 1097 & 52   & 61    & 1210 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}
\blurb\blurb\blurb\blurb
\end{document} 

Answer 2

If you persist to span your table over two columns, despite its natural width is smaller than one column width, than you should use

\begin{table*}
...
\end{table*}

(regarding this, your question is duplicate to many question here...). This tables can appear only on top of the (next) page. To force it to be in bottom of current page, you need to load package stfloats:

\documentclass[11pt,twocolumn,conference]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[final]{graphicx}
\usepackage{natbib}
\setlength{\bibsep}{0.0pt}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,tmargin=3cm,bmargin=3cm,lmargin=3cm,rmargin=3cm }
\usepackage{caption}% <-- added
\captionsetup[table]{skip = 3pt}
\usepackage{}
\usepackage[para]{threeparttable}
\usepackage{array,booktabs,longtable,tabularx,tabulary}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage{ltablex}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{caption}%
\setlength{\LTcapwidth}{7in}
\usepackage[flushleft]{threeparttablex}

\usepackage{stfloats}
\usepackage{lipsum}

\begin{document}
\section{INTRODUCTION}
\lipsum[1]
    \begin{table*}[b]
    \centering
%        \footnotesize
\caption{Year Wise Treatment Frequencies}
    \label{tab:freq}
\caption*{\footnotesize
      This table provides the frequencies
            }
  \begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{S @{\extracolsep{\fill}}
                            *{4}{S[group-separator = {,},
                                   group-minimum-digits = 4
                                    ]}}
      \toprule
  {Year} & {Nones} & {Option 1} & {Option 2} & {Total}  \\
      \midrule
  2001       & 126   & 16    & 2     & 144 \\
  2002       & 114   & 9     & 4     & 127 \\
  2003       & 115   & 7     & 1     & 123 \\
  2004       & 114   & 6     & 4     & 124 \\
  2005       & 104   & 5     & 8     & 117 \\
  2006       & 96    & 3     & 6     & 105 \\
  2007       & 93    & 2     & 4     & 99 \\
  2008       & 93    & 2     & 2     & 97 \\
  2009       & 85    & 2     & 11    & 98 \\
  2010       & 83    & 0     & 7     & 90 \\
  2011       & 74    & 0     & 12    & 86 \\
      \midrule
      Total & 1097 & 52    & 61    & 1210 \\
      \bottomrule
  \end{tabular*}
\end{table*}
\lipsum
\end{document}

which gives:

In above table for column formatting the siunitx column type S is used. To my opinion the result is very, very ugly ... Well, maybe your real table need to be so wide, who knows :)