Please consider the following MWE:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{|S[table-format=-1.3,
table-space-text-pre ={(-}, % hasn't effect ?
table-space-text-post={***},% hasn't effect ?
input-symbols={( )},
explicit-sign,
parse-numbers=false,
]|}
\hline
1.248\textsuperscript{***} \\
(-0.124) \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
It gives
Is there a way to obtain usable result?